Klasifikasi Jenis Suara Wanita Berdasarkan Register Suara Dalam Teknik Bernyanyi Secara Real Time Menggunakan Algoritma BAM dan Algoritma Viterbi

Dalam teknik bernyanyi, wanita lebih mempunyai register suara yang beragam dibandingkan pria. Banyak sekali register suara manusia, namun register suara yang biasa digunakan saat bernyanyi antara lain yaitu Chest Voice, Head Voice, Falsetto, dan Vocalfry. Maka untuk pengenalan jenis suara wanita berdasarkan register suara manusia dalam teknik bernyanyi diperlukan sebuah sistem sehingga nantinya berguna untuk pengenalan teknik-teknik bernyanyi secara lebih jelas. Untuk mendapatkan hasil yang maksimal, maka diperlukan unjuk kerja dua metode yang akan digunakan dalam penelitian kali ini yaitu algoritma BAM dan algoritma Viterbi. Pengenalan suara dilakukan dengan menginputkan sampel suara hasil rekaman dan juga secara real time. Setelah diinput suara maka sistem akan mendapatkan hasil sesuai dengan metode yang akan digunakan yaitu algoritma BAM dan algoritma Viterbi. Algoritma BAM dapat memproses input yang tidak lengkap, karena adanya hubungan timbal balik antara dari lapisan output ke lapisan input. Dengan algoritma Viterbi maka pengolahan status-status dalam sistem pengenalan suara dapat lebih optimal. Pada algoritma BAM, nilai suara pengujian dan nilai sampel suara pelatihan yang diperoleh akan dicari nilai vektornya menggunakan pencarian nilai bobot yang dilakukan dengan cara mengubah matriks biner ke dalam matriks bipolar. Sedangkan pada algoritma Viterbi, nilai sampel suara pelatihan akan dicari pencarian Viterbi dengan menggunakan transformasi Mellin. Transformasi Mellin digunakan untuk merubah domain waktu ke domain frekuensi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menghasilkan sistem yang dapat mengenali jenis suara wanita berdasarkan register suara manusia dalam teknik bernyanyi, yaitu dengan menunjukkan unjuk kerja dari kedua metode sehingga kita dapat mengetahui metode mana yang lebih optimal. Diharapkan dari penelitian ini akan memberikan hasil seberapa akurasi antara kedua metode tersebut dalam mendeteksi suara yang akan dilatih dengan harapan dapat memberikan sebuah keputusan perekomendasian antara algoritma BAM dengan algoritma Viterbi.

Repetitive presuppositions with again: Un-severing the external argument

Since Marantz (1984) and Kratzer (1996), it has been widely accepted in the literature on argument structure that agents are introduced as external arguments via a functional head VOICE through secondary predication, using semantic composition rules like EVENT IDENTIFICATION. The widely cited evidence for such a position is the fact that while internal arguments can condition special semantic interpretations of the surface verb, agents never do. In this paper, we present evidence against such a view, arguing that a well-defined class of verbs can impose intentionality entailments and also require representation of the agent argument internally within their lexical semantics. The crucial empirical evidence we utilize is modification by again, specifically the range of available repetitive presuppositions it can introduce. We show that again behaves differently with respect to how its repetitive presupposition can be satisfied by verbal roots whose agent argument is introduced externally versus verbal roots that must entail intentionality and representation of its agent argument. Together with widely accepted assumptions about the syntax and semantics of again-modification, we argue that not all external arguments can be severed from the verbal root.

Dasar-Dasar Teknik Bernyanyi Opera

This study aims to analyze, Technique of Singing in Opera. The purpose of this research is to know Technique of Singing. The theory used is vocal technique, sound processing, sound formation, breathing, frasering, head voice, powering, vibrato, interpretation, singing, opera, aria, The method used in this research is qualitative descriptive method, namely a research method that aims to describe in detail and clearly about a phenomenon that became the focus of research. On the basis of it can be started that the overall appearance of Diana Damrau is interconnected to build on the builder’s point to make the appearance of Diana Damrau towards spectaculer.

ANALISIS TEKNIK BERNYANYI DIANA DAMRAU PADA OPERA “THE MAGIC FLUTE ARIA QUEEN OF THE NIGHT” KARYA WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART

This study aims to analyze, Technique of Singing Diana Damrau oin Opera TheMagic Flute Aria Queen Of The Night Works Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Thepurpose of this research is to know Technique of Singing, how to interpret andartistic overall Diana Damrau sing Opera The Magic Flute Aria Queen Of TheNight.The theory used is analyze, vocal technique, sound processing, sound formation,breathing, frasering, head voice, powering, vibrato, interpretation, singing, opera,aria,The method used in this research is qualitative descriptive method, namely aresearch method that aims to describe in detail and clearly about a phenomenonthat became the focus of research. This research is a qualitative descriptivelaboratory works, thus this research is held in the laboratory of sendratasik musiceducation program of state university of Negeri Medan. The results showed thatDiana Damrau sang aria by using singing technique that is base of vocaltechnique. The achievement of singing technique has been applied verry well,where the singging technique is articulation, breathing, posture, resonance,vibrato, intonation. This factor becomes the main point that from the analysis, ithas a verry high singing technique singing aria Queen Of The Night. DianaDamrau had application interpreation that is, the dynamics of mp, mf, f, ff, ff,aksen, sfz, fp, cressendo, descressendo. Tempo allegro assai, ad libitum,allargando.Style singging marcatto, alla marcia, legato, recitaive, ekspreso,stacatto, sustenuto, emozione. Angry authoritarian, direspectful and desire is anexpression Diana to sing the aria. On the basis of it can be started that the overallappearance of Diana Damrau is interconnected to build on the builder’s point tomake the appearance of Diana Damrau towards spectaculer.

Development of Vocal Teaching Materials Based on Keroncong Singing Or- naments to Strengthen Western Vocal Technique

ABSTRACTThis study develops teaching materials based on “Luk Keroncong Song Ornaments". The method used was designed based research that was developed from teaching materials which were based on the strength of the theoretical and applicative activities to test the strength of materials. The results of the study revealed that the Luk Keroncong ornaments, when it is used, strengthen the vocal technique used by the respondents. The result of this research revealed that the teaching material employed improve the respondents’ vocal technique. Notable areas of improvement and strengthening of the respondents were observed in their:-breathing management (Appogio), vocal registration, especially when there are changes in the timbre (passaggio), head-voice resonance, flexibility of tone, and stability of tone.Keywords: Instructional material based on luk keroncong ornament, Implementation, Strengthening, Vocal Techniques