تقييد اللّفظ المفسَّر بـ (الأمر) و(الشّيء) في المعاجم اللّغويّة

يهدف البحث إلى وصف ظاهرة تقييد اللّفظ المفسَّر بـ (الأمر) و(الشّيء) في المعاجم اللّغويّة وتحليلها، من خلال التّطبيق على لسان العرب لـ (ابن منظور)، إذ تَعْمَدُ المعاجم إلى استخدام التّقييد بهذين القيدين لتوضيح معاني الألفاظ، وهو ما دعا إلى دراسة هذه الظاهرة والبحث في أسبابها وضوابطها. اعتمد البحث على المنهج الوصفيّ التّحليليّ لتحقيق الأهداف الآتية: بيان أهمّيّة التّقييد بـ (الأمر) و(الشّيء)، والكشف عن صور التّقييد بهما في الجانب الصّرفي والتّركيبيّ، وبيان أبرز الفروق بينهما، وأخيرًا تحديد الآفاق التي تضبط عمليّة التّقييد بهما. ومن أبرز نتائج البحث: أنّ استعمال المعاجم لهذين اللّفظين قد اعتمد على ما يتّصفانِ به من إغراق في الإبهام، وتمثيلهما لطرفي الموجودات الماديّة والمعنويّة، وأنّ عملية ضبط استعمالهما تعتمد على شبكة من العلاقات يُقيمها المؤلّف لتحقيق غرضه في عرض الألفاظ وتفسيرها. الكلمات المفتاحيّة: التّقييد اللّغويّ، المعاجم اللّغويّة، الدّلالة المادّية والمعنويّة، الفروق اللّغويّة، العلاقات السّياقيّة Abstract The research aims to describe and analyze the phenomenon of modification of the word interpreted by (Al-Amr –الأمر) and (Ash-shay’ – الشّيء) in the linguistic lexicons, with the use of (Lessan Al Arab) written by (Ibn Manzour) as a model. The lexicons apply these two modifications to clarify the meaning of the words, this is why this phenomenon was studied and its causes and criteria were researched. The research was based on the analytical descriptive approach to reach the following targets: stating the importance of the Modification with (Al-Amr – الأمر) and (Ash-shay’ – الشّيء), the detection of forms of their modification in morphological and structural aspects and stating the most prominent differences between them, and finally, identifying the prospects that control the modification process. The most prominent results of the research are the use of lexicons for these two modifiers depended on the so-called ambiguity of them, and their representation of both sides of tangible and intangible assets and the process of controlling their use depends on relationships with multi-components established by the author to achieve its purpose in displaying and interpreting words. Keywords: Linguistic Modification, Linguistic Lexicons, Tangible and Intangible Semantics, Linguistic Differences, Contextual Relations

Speech Act (Im)Politeness and Audiovisual Constraints in Translation for Dubbing

The present article sets out to explore the under-researched relationship between linguistic (im)politeness and audiovisual translation, by taking the speech act of requests as object of analysis in English films and in their dubbed Italian versions. As dubbing constraints often lead translators to depart substantially from the original utterance, the study shows how linguistic changes can result in alterations of the (im)polite load inherent in the requests from original film versions. The study focuses on pragmatic strategies for realizing requests in English film dialogues and shows that dubbing constraints may underlie the adoption of different pragmatic strategies for the requests of target-language dialogues. The (im)politeness shifts that this linguistic modification process entails may make the same character come across as more or less (im)polite in the target-language version and are, for this reason, worth investigating.

The effect of linguistic modification on English as a second language (ESL) nursing student retention

English-as-a-second-language (ESL) nursing students fail out of nursing programs at a far higher rate than native English speakers. There are many reasons for this trend, however academic failure related to poor performance on multiple-choice (MC) exams, is the most common.ObjectiveThe purpose of this interventional comparative research study was to determine the effect of linguistic modification (LM) of MC exam questions on score and timing of ESL compared to native English-speaking nursing students.MethodTwo-factor analysis of variance and a mixed-effects regression were applied to the data from 69 participants.ResultsStatistical significance was noted as related to time. All students took significantly less time to complete the LM questions in comparison to the standard questions.ConclusionLM is a process that should be used by nursing faculty to create fair evaluation instruments for all nursing students.

The Ethiopic Script: Linguistic Features and Socio-cultural Connotations

During the last two millennia, a large corpus of texts were produced in the Ethiopic script. This ancient African writing system is peculiar to the Ethio-Eritrean region at the Horn of Africa, particularly to the Ethiosemitic language Gǝʿǝz. The present paper is concerned with the origin, linguistic modification and spread of the Ethiopic script, as well as its socio-cultural connotation vis-à-vis other scripts in the region. For this purpose, previous studies related to these topics have been assessed and summarised in a comprehensive description.