THE MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF A HORSE IN THE EPOS OF HEROES

Compared to other genres of the epic, in the heroic epic we see one of the most perfect images of the horse, which has reached a high artistic level. This is due to the fact that in the archaic epic the predominance of fantastic elements, mythical motives, the consciousness of an immature child prevents him from creating a full-fledged image of a horse, the main theme of the lyric epic. which prevented the formation On the other hand, historical poetry is usually smaller in size than epic, which does not allow portraying tulpar in a variety of forms. Therefore, we can say that the image of the horse in the Kazakh epic, which is depicted in the most comprehensive, deep and diverse character, is formed mainly in the heroic epic. This was due to the fact that tulpar are usually portrayed with heroism, courage, battles with the enemy. In this regard, the article discusses the main features of the image of a horse in the epic.

Thucydides’ Predecessors and Contemporaries in Historical Poetry and Prose

The aim of this chapter is to discover, and to adopt, the perspective through which Thucydides himself observed the landscape of historical memory in the fifth century bce. In the complex topography that comes into sight, different forms of oral memory alternate with early attempts to apply writing to the description of the past. Every element of the fifth-century memory landscape (Herodotus, oral history, local historians, historical poetry, epitaphios logos) plays a precise role in forging Thucydides’ view and practice of history, and forces him to find his place and take a stand against other genres. This chapter argues that the genre of the Athenian epitaphios logos was crucial to the formation of Thucydides’ historical writing, since it first developed key practices such as a focus on the present, temporal articulation, and responsible subjectivity.

On Some Umayyad Poetry in the History of al-Ṭabarī

Ancient Arabic poetry in general is rightly regarded in Arab circles as one of the paramount monuments of Arabic literature, and it is of course also held in esteem among Western scholars. For the most part, however, this admiration does not, in effect, extend to the specifically historical poetry quoted – sometimes in vast quantities – in the works of such historians as Ibn A‘tham al-Kūfī, al-Balādhurī, and al-Ṭabarī. It is readily apparent that this verse is often of extraordinary difficulty, that some represents retrojections from later times, and that many poems (in particular the later forgeries) are of an inferior quality; but the often-heard views holding that the historical poetry is, as a whole, of no particular historical importance or literary merit are simply false.