Preface: The 4th International Conference of Water Resources Development and Environmental Protection (ICWRDEP 2021)

The 4th International Conference on Water Resources Development and Environmental Protection 2021 (ICWRDEP 2021) was successfully held in a virtual meeting room by Zoom on August 7th, 2021. This conference was initially scheduled to be held offline at Universitas Brawijaya in Malang, East Java, Indonesia. However, it was canceled due to COVID-19 and government travel restrictions, particularly for international participants. Since ICWRDEP has been declared a biannual event and has been ongoing since mid-2020, this event would not be postponed. Moreover, when the call for papers was published, academics and researchers were ecstatic. The ICWRDEP 2021 was organized by Water Resources Engineering Department - Faculty of Engineering - Universitas Brawijaya in cooperation with the Ministry of Public Works and Housings of Indonesia, Miyazaki University in Japan, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education in the Netherlands, and Delft University of Technology (TU Delft) in the Netherlands. The conference topics are River Engineering and Management, Coastal Engineering and Management, Environmental Engineering & Sanitation, Water-Related Disaster Risk Reduction, and Water Resources Engineering and Management and Water-related to Civil, Architectural Engineering. Through the presentation of papers and discussion, the conference provides a platform for researchers, engineers, and academicians to meet and share ideas, achievements, and experiences. This international event is essential in promoting and encouraging practitioners to apply the new concept of water resource development and techniques and enhancing knowledge and understanding with the required specifications of analysis, design, and construction of any engineering concept. We would like to express the most profound appreciation to the Rector of Universitas Brawijaya, the Dean of Engineering Faculty, Keynote Speakers Prof. Eko Winar Irianto from the Ministry of Public Works and Housings Indonesia, Prof. Keisuke Murakami from Japan, and Prof. Dano Roelvink from the Netherlands, International Advisory Board members, organizing committee, and all participants. List Of Committees are available in this pdf.

Landscape perspectives in hydrological understanding and modelling for water management

<p>The Darcy medal acknowledges water-resources research, engineering and management. In my medal lecture I will embrace these aspects by telling the story of how my team merges numerical models and observations with landscape information to learn about hydrological processes and provide decision-support to society. We predict spatial and temporal variability of water fluxes and resources at local, regional and global scales to estimate hydrological variables in the past, present and future. We also explore “what if” scenarios for societal planning. Such predictions provide useful knowledge to maintain water resources at suitable quantities and qualities, despite on-going global warming, urbanization and environmental change. Water is the basis for all life and most societal sectors; hence, it must be managed properly for sustainable development. I will demonstrate how our scientific findings from the model applications have influenced water resources engineering and management policy.</p><p>Water management is always local but wider landscape information, such as knowledge about upstream/downstream conditions and residence-time, is needed when designing management measures. Water resources are normally shared by many stakeholders often with opposing objectives. Here, we found that models can have added value for science communication, participatory processes and conflict resolution to reach environmental goals.</p><p>It is well known that numerical models are more or less wrong and linked with uncertainties, but nevertheless, models combined with multiple sources of observations can be very helpful to aggregate information, quantify influence from various processes and describe outcome of complex phenomena. From modelling experiments, I will show how we reached deeper understanding of hydrological process when using the landscape perspective and large-sample empirical data across different physiographical conditions. Linking the model to landscape characteristics also gave us the possibility to make water predictions with some confidence even in data sparse regions and for ungauged catchments.</p><p>Large-scale modelling of water resources should be accompanied with site-specific data and local knowledge to be applicable for water resources engineering and management. Therefore, we share our model and I will exemplify how we reach a better understanding and make use of new science in collaborative efforts across the globe. Recently, the modelled data was also aggregated into societal-relevant indicators and provided through web-based climate and water services. During co-development of such on-line tools with practitioners, however, we encountered a large knowledge gap between data producers and data users, which calls for mutual engagement to reach understanding.</p><p>To sum up, my team uses and provides open data, open science and community building world-wide to accelerate water research by sharing local insights and collective intelligence in addressing multiple landscapes. Yet, scientific knowledge is always preliminary and needs to be challenged by peers and explored by users to be practically beneficial. I therefore advocate for science communication as an emerging field to engage more with. Hydrological scientists have a lot to contribute and learn in dialogues to find hope and solutions under global change, which will help in sustaining the water resources and the Planet as we know it.</p>

A Short Review on Computational Hydraulics in the context of Water Resources Engineering

The term hydraulics concerned with the conveyance of water that can consist of very simple processes to complex physical processes, such as flow in open rivers, flow in pipes, flow of nutrients/sediments, flow of ground water to sea waves. The study of hydraulics is primarily a mixture of theory and experiments. Computational hydraulics is very helpful in-order to quantify and predict flow nature and behavior. Mathematical model is backbone of the computational hydraulics that consist simple to complex mathematical equations with linear and/or non-linear terms and ordinary or partial differential equations. Analytical solution of this mathematical equations is not feasible in the majority of cases. In this consequences, mathematical models are solved using different numerical techniques and associated schemes. In this manuscript we will review hydraulic principles along with their mathematical equations. Then we will learn some commonly used numerical technique to solve different types of differential equations related to the hydraulics. Among them the Finite Difference Method (FDM), Finite Element Method (FEM) and Finite Volume Method (FVM) will be discussed along with their use in real-life applications in the context of water resources engineering.