The Representation of Social Reality in Saraiki Dramas Roshan Zameer and Qatil e Hamsheer

The Genre of Drama had always been reflective of social life. The history of drama is as old as of humans on earth. Saraiki drama is believed to be developed from undeveloped but organized expressions of caricatures; such kind of organized caricature is found still in the local area. It is a tradition that people of the lower caste named Bhaands. This kind of art was established by the people who were very poor, and they used to caricature the rich and gentry to amuse them and other people. The present study is aimed to trace the social realities and their representation in Saraiki Drama. Two Saraiki dramas Roshan Zameer and Qatil e Hamsheer had been analyzed in light of the Qualitative Content Analysis model proposed by Altheide(1996). It has been found that selected Saraiki dramas speak the prevailing ideological, social realities. It is suggested that more studies should be conducted to explore tradition and social realities existing in the Saraiki region so that regional social and cultural traditions may get a voice in international literary landscapes.

Object-Books and Exposed Writings: New Textual and Literary Landscapes in Latin America and Spain

ABSTRACT In this essay I explore new ways of literary transmission edited in formats other than the codex in Latin America and Spain. My study also analyzes what Armando Petrucci called exposed writings. Taking as departing point a review of the concept of book, I will scrutinize several object-books to offer an analysis of literary materials edited in non-codex supports. This essay also proposes a clear distinction between book-object and object-book. Since the object-books I analyze convey literary texts, a main aim of my research is to vindicate the inclusion of these new materialities of literature into the field of literary studies, an area that historically has omitted non-codex formats considering them non-serious literature or literary diversions.

Opisując nieopisane, czyli o (nie)przetłumaczalności języka przyrody na przykładzie brytyjskiego, polskiego i niemieckiego przyrodopisarstwa

It goes without saying that words can distort or illuminate the way we perceive and emotionally experience the surrounding world and nature. Following this observation, the main objective of this paper is to pinpoint the possible linguistic expressions of nature. The underlying question can be formulated as follows: How can we adequately, accurately but nevertheless emotionally describe the subjective experience of nature and the relation human-nature? The analysis is based on three publications documenting growing interest of the literature in environmental issues: Robert Macfarlane’s “The Wild Places” [2017], Michał Książek’s “Droga 816” [2015] and Peter Wohlleben’s “Das Seelenleben der Tiere” [2016]. They represent the so-called nature writing: a well-established literary tradition in the Anglo-American literature, little-known in Polish and German literary landscapes.

Reassessing John Steinbeck’s modernism: myth, ritual, and a land full of ghosts in “To a God Unknown”

The aim of this paper is to reassess John Steinbeck’s presence and significance within American modernism by advancing a myth-critical reading of his early novel “To a God Unknown” (1933). Considering the interplay between this novel and the precedent literary tradition and other contextual aspects that might have influenced Steinbeck’s text, this study explores Steinbeck’s often disregarded novel as an eloquent demonstration of the malleability of myths characteristic of Anglo-American modernism. Taking myth-ritualism—the most prominent approach to myth at the time—as a critical prism to reappraise Steinbeck’s own reshaping of modernist aesthetics, this article examines recurrent frustrated and misguided ritual patterns along with the rewriting of flouted mythical motifs as a series of aesthetic choices that give shape and meaning to a state of stagnation common to the post-war American literary landscapes, but now exacerbated as it has finally spread, as a plague of perverse remythologization, to the Eden of the West.