Tinjauan Sistematis: Faktor-Faktor Gaya Atribusi Prestasi Akademik

Attribution style is one of the most relevant concepts in predicting academic achievement. Various researches have tried to study the factors that influence the attribution style. Several factors such as gender, ethnicity, and social class have been widely discussed in scientific publications. However, since Bernard Weiner first developed attribution theory more than 40 years ago, there have been changes in a social condition that might have affected various attribution factors. This review aims to see the latest developments in the factors that influence the attribution of academic achievement. A systematic search of articles published in 3 English-language international publishers since 2010 identified a total of 6 studies, which included 132.293 students from various nations. An assessment that measured qualities of a research in 4 areas: research design, sampling, measurement, and analysis identified 3 high-quality research and 3 moderate-quality research. The result shows that ethnic factors confirm the findings from previous studies. Researches on gender factors provide new insights regarding the attribution style of female students. Besides, new factors emerge, such as school stratification and the attribution style of parents over their life events.

An Attributional Perspective on Labeling

Drawing extensively from the attributional investigations of Bernard Weiner and his colleagues in the area of achievement motivation, this review addresses attribution theory and its implications for labeling. Specifically, findings concerning attributional taxonomies, antecedents, and consequents are presented and related to labeling effects. In addition, a relationship between informal labeling and attributional processes is proposed. It is concluded that attributions, not the presence or absence of formal labels, may be the critical variable of concern.