The Theme of Alienation in the Selected Novels of Ernest Hemingway

Ernest Miller Hemingway is acknowledged as the most significant writer of the 20th century American literature. No other American writer has ever equaled the popular success and worldwide reputation off Ernest Hemingway. His prose style is universally recognized as one of the innovative of 20th century literature. Hemingway writes of what he knows of his own experience. His writings are honest, direct and clear. The aim of the present study is to make a comprehensive analysis of alienation in the selected novels of Ernest Hemingway. The causes of alienation are enumerated by extracting the influencing factors like anxiety, despair, loneliness etc. The consequences of alienation are studied. This study will focus on the four of Hemingway works: The Sun Also Rises, A Farewell to Arms, For Whom the Bell Tolls, and The Old Man and the Sea. These fictions will be examined with two purposes in mind: first, to view the alienation and its consequences of the characters and second, to observe the mental status of Hemingway.

F. Scott Fitzgerald: Writing Under the Influence of Europe

As one of the notable figures in 20th Century American literature, F. Scott Fitzgerald has been studied widely by authors, critics, and historians alike. This paper addresses the role of Fitzgerald's time abroad in creating the inspiration for his work as well as Europe's part in catalyzing his eventual decline in the public eye. As a member of the so-called "Lost Generation" of American writers who took up residence in Paris during the 1920s, Fitzgerald was profoundly influenced by his peers, notably Ernest Hemingway. Another guiding factor in Fitzgerald's writing was the presence of Zelda, Fitzgerald's wife, whose mental illness placed both an emotional and financial strain on Fitzgerald. This paper examines the ups and downs of Fitzgerald's life while incorporating the analysis of several of his Europe-inspired works, including his last completed novel Tender is the Night and his famed short story "Babylon Revisited." Fitzgerald's life and work support the claim that Europe was fundamentally a double-edged sword - while Europe provided the thrilling lifestyle that fueled Fitzgerald's writing and widespread notoriety, it also brought about his ultimate disintegration.

Hamartoma of the Larynx: An Unusual Cause for Stridor in an Infant

An extremely rare laryngeal hamartoma causing inspiratory stridor in a 6-week-old infant is reported and the histology discussed. The tumor is benign and responds to simple excision. No other cases have been found in the 20th century American literature.