Betegségismeret 2-es típusú diabetesszel élők körében: a Diabetes Knowledge Test magyar nyelvű validálása

Összefoglaló. Bevezetés: Magyarországon a KSH szerint több mint 1 millió ismert cukorbeteg él. A diabetes karbantartásához elengedhetetlen a betegek tudásának, készségeinek és önhatékonyságának növelése és fenntartása. A legelterjedtebb diabetes-betegségismeretteszt a 23 kérdéses Michigan Diabetes Knowledge Test. Első 14 tétele általános tudást mér, például az ételek tápanyagtartalmával és a vércukorszint-változás okaival kapcsolatban. További 9 kérdése az inzulinhasználatról szól. Célkitűzés: Célunk ennek a tesztnek a magyar nyelvű validálása, valamint összefüggéseinek vizsgálata szociodemográfiai és betegségváltozókkal. Módszer: Keresztmetszeti kérdőíves kutatásunkban a tesztcsomagot 129, inzulint használó, 2-es típusú diabeteses beteg töltötte ki (84 nő, átlagéletkor: 59,67; szórás: 12,6) elsősorban online, betegszervezeteken keresztül. Eredmények: A betegségismeret-teszt belső konzisztenciája 0,603, ami elfogadható érték. A 23 kérdés helyes kitöltési arányának átlaga 81,66%, ami az amerikai arányokhoz hasonló, más kutatások speciális csoportjaihoz képest azonban kifejezetten magas érték. A válaszadók a ketoacidosis fogalmát, az egyes ételek tápanyag-összetevőit és az elfogyasztott ételek vércukorszintre gyakorolt hatását illető kérdésekre tudták a választ a legkevésbé. A magyar teszt a szakirodalomnak megfelelő gyenge, negatív irányú összefüggésben áll az életkorral, és pozitív a kapcsolata az inzulinhasználat hosszával, valamint a napi vércukorszintmérés és inzulinbeadás számával. A betegségismeretet függetlenül egyedül a napi vércukorszintmérés mennyisége jósolta meg. A teszt konvergens validitását mutatja gyenge, de szignifikáns összefüggése az egészségértést mérő Brief Health Literacy Screening kérdésekkel. Következtetés: A magyar nyelvű Diabetes Betegségismeret Teszt alkalmas a diabetesszel élők tudásszintjének felmérésére. Mintánkban a betegségismeret magas szintje az inzulint használók megfelelő edukációjával függhet össze. Ugyanakkor eredményeink felhívják a figyelmet a betegek diétával kapcsolatos magasabb szintű tudásának szükségességére. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(22): 870–877. Summary. Introduction: According to the Hungarian Central Statistical Office, more than 1 million diabetic patients live in Hungary. It is essential to enhance and sustain the knowledge, skills and self-efficacy of patients. The most widely used measurement of illness knowledge is the 23-item Michigan Diabetes Knowledge Test (DKT). Its first 14 items measure general knowledge: the nutritional value of food, and causes of change in blood glucose level. Its further 9 items are about insulin usage. Objective: To examine the reliability and the validity of the Hungarian version of DKT2 as well as its association with sociodemographic and illness-related variables. Methods: In our cross-sectional quantitative study, 129 patients (84 women, mean age: 59.67; SD = 12.6) diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus using insulin therapy filled in a questionnaire online. Results: The α coefficient for the test is 0.603, which is acceptable. The mean of the correct answer rate is 81.66%, which resembles the American results, but it is higher than that of other specific groups. Problem areas for our patients included interpreting ketoacidosis, the nutritional value of foods and the effect of foods on blood glucose level. The score of the Hungarian test – in accordance with the literature – correlates negatively with age, positively with the year of insulin-usage and with the number of daily insulin intake and of blood glucose measurement. Illness knowledge was independently predicted only by the number of daily blood glucose measurement. The convergent validity of the Hungarian test is supported by its weak but significant association with Brief Health Literacy Screen questions. Conclusion: The Hungarian DKT2 properly measures the illness knowledge of diabetic patients. Their high level of knowledge can be traced back to the speciality of the subjects as well as to the overall education of insulin users. Nevertheless, our results draw attention to the necessity of enhancing the level of dietetic knowledge of patients. Orv Hetil. 2020; 162(22): 870–877.

Measuring Mental Health Literacy : Adaptation and Validation of the Portuguese Version of the Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS)

Understanding mental health literacy is essential for promoting empowerment and proactivity in patients, reducing stigma, and increasing population awareness. The constitutive dimensions of mental health literacy are still being researched, and instruments’ research can shed light on the involved processes. The Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS) is a self-report measure of mental health literacy. This study aimed to adapt the MHLS to Portuguese and evaluate mental health literacy in a broad sample. A broad sample of 337 individuals participated in the adaptation. Besides filling out the MHLS, the participants were invited to fill out a general lifestyle measure. The global results reveal a good internal consistency of the MHLS. A three-factor structure (i.e., attitudes towards mental illness, knowledge about mental illness, and the ability to recognize symptoms) explained 35% of the total variance. Despite not finding an association with the general lifestyle measure, the MHLS scored higher in women and individuals with higher schooling, as expected. The results reinforce the role of MHLS as a useful measure of mental health literacy. The identified structure is discussed in light of the current understanding and implications of this essential process.

Peningkatan Derajat Kesehatan dengan Promosi Pola Hidup Bersih dan Sehat di Panti Asuhan Tebet, Jakarta Selatan

Sanitary behavior is a set of behaviors that are practiced based on awareness as a learning outcome, which makes a person, family, group, or community able to help themselves (independent) in the health sector and play an active role in realizing public health. The orphanage is a business institution to improve child welfare in alleviating child neglect. Environmental conditions in the orphanage are often ignored, causing the orphanage residents to suffer illness. Knowledge about sanitary behavior has also never been obtained by foster children because not many people care about this condition. The Tebet Orphanage is an orphanage located in South Jakarta, with most of the foster children at school-age. School-age children are an age group that is vulnerable to health problems. The initial survey shows that sanitary behavior has not been implemented in an orphanage properly. Therefore, it is necessary to educate about sanitary behavior. The target of this activity is to increase knowledge and understanding of sanitary behavior so that later foster children can implement clean and healthy lifestyles in their daily lives. The method used is to increase understanding or education about sanitary behavior. From the results of this activity, it can be seen that participants can understand the material presented. They are enthusiastic and active in the discussion. A similar program is needed so that community service activities are sustainable.

Mental Illness Knowledge, Stigma, Help-Seeking Behaviors, Spirituality and the African American Church

Purpose.This study examined the relationship among mental illness knowledge, stigma, help-seek-ing behaviors, and spirituality among African Americans who regularly attend church. It further assessesif demographic variables differ between African Americans who think their church should play a role inaddressing mental illness awareness and those who are not. Methods. A convenience sample of 409 AfricanAmerican church-going adults responded to an anonymous survey. Results. Knowledge about mental ill-ness was positively correlated with help-seeking behaviors (r=.227) and negatively correlated with stigma(r=-.272). Help-seeking behaviors were negatively correlated with stigma (r=-440).Conclusions. There isa need to increase knowledge about mental health signs and symptoms recognition and to decrease stigmaamong this community as these help support mental help-seeking behaviors. Respondents were supportiveof their church increasing knowledge and awareness, as well as providing mental health services.