Integrated GIS-Based Multi-Criteria Analysis for Groundwater Potential Mapping in the Euphrates’s Sub-Basin, Harran Basin, Turkey

The Harran Basin is an important region where agricultural activities have been conducted for millennia. The agricultural water needs of the basin are largely met with surface irrigation through the GAP (South-Eastern Anatolian Project), while groundwater is used in some regions as potable water, tap water, and irrigation water. In this study, the groundwater potential of the Harran Basin was determined through the “GIS-based Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM)” Method. Ten criteria were considered: Land Use, Soil, Geomorphology, Geology, Aquifer, Drainage Density, Rainfall, Slope, Lineament Density, and Terrain Class. The weights of these criteria were determined through the AHP method, and the operations were performed in the ArcGIS environment. As the results of this study, the Groundwater Potential Index (GWPI) values were obtained, and five regions were determined based on their Groundwater Potential Zone (GWPZ) classifications: very poor GWPI: 0.10% (5.14 km2); poor GWPI: 29.20%; moderate GWPI: 38.20%; good GWPI: 30.90%; and very good GWPI: 1.50%). We determined that the region is a plain with a low slope and geologically consists of limestone. Notably, areas with poor water potential are mountainous and hilly, and the slopes over these areas are high.

Relationship of the productivity of forest den-drocenoses with the geomorphological profile of soils and their influence on the ecology

It is well known that there is a relationship between the productivity of forest phytocenoses and soil fertility, which is largely determined by the terrain and soil geomorphology. An important element of assessing the productivity of forests is the substantiation of the methodology for modeling the age dynamics of the growth of forest stands, depending on soil and ground conditions. The solution of this methodological problem is possible only if there is data on forest objects, represented by permanent sample plots and data from a detailed soil survey.

O papel da litologia nos atributos fisicos, químicos e mineralógicos dos Solos Perférricos do Brasil / The role of lithology in the physical, chemical and mineralogical attributes of Brazilian Perferric Soils

No Brasil, a ocorrência de solos que possuem teores de Fe2O3 acima de 360 g kg-1, enquadrados como perférricos no Sistema Brasileiro de Classificação de Solos, ainda é pouco conhecida, restringindo os perfis coletados e classificados a dez diferentes materiais de origem. Para este trabalho foram selecionados 33 perfis de solos perférricos descritos em levantamentos da EMBRAPA, teses, dissertações e artigos publicados em periódicos. De modo geral, estes solos possuem grande quantidade de partículas agrupadas nas frações finas, com mais de 50% dos perfis enquadrados como argilosos ou franco-siltosos. Estes solos são ácidos, com valor médio de pH em H2O de 5,37, com uma média de balanço de cargas próximo à zero e com uma CTC altamente dependente da matéria orgânica. A distrofia é uma característica comum, sendo o resultado tanto de um intenso intemperismo ou mesmo de solos que se originam de rochas já muito pobres em bases solúveis. Em relação à química da argila obtida pelo ataque sulfúrico, os solos são pobres em sílica e moderadamente pobres em alumínio. Os solos perférricos, independente do seu material de origem, tendem a uma homogeneização física e química de seus atributos. O controle litológico se expressa principalmente nos solos desenvolvidos de itabiritos, jaspilitos e couraças ferruginosas. Nestas rochas, ainda que a pedogênese seja incipiente, os solos já são perférricos. Nos demais litotipos, como basalto, gabro e tufitos, o caráter perférrico está associado à atuação do intemperismo ao longo do tempo, onde ocorre a lixiviação das bases e sílica e enriquecimento relativo em ferro.Palavras–chave: gênese de solos, classificação de solos, pedogeomorfologia. AbstractIn Brazil, the occurrence of soils with Fe2O3 levels above 360 g kg-1, classified as perferric in the Brazilian Soil Classification System, is still little known, restricting the profiles collected and classified to ten different parent materials. For this study, 33 profiles of the perferric soils described in EMBRAPA surveys, theses, dissertations and articles published in reviews were selected. In general, these soils have a large number of particles grouped in the fine fractions, with more than 50% of the profiles framed as clay or silt-loam. These soils are acidic, with an average pH value in H2O of 5.37, with an average balance of loads near zero and with a CEC (Cation Exchange Capacity) highly dependent on organic matter. The dystrophy is a common characteristic, being the result of either an intense weathering or even of soils that originate from already poor rocks in soluble bases.Regarding the chemistry of the clay obtained by the sulfuric attack, the soils are deficient in silica and moderately poor in aluminium. Perferric soils, independent of their parent material, tend to physical and chemical homogenization of their attributes. The lithological control is expressed mainly in developed soils of itabirite, jaspilites and ferruginous duricrusts. In these rocks, although the pedogenesis is incipient, the soils are already perferric. In the other lithotypes, such as basalt, gabbro and tuffs, the perferric character is associated with the weathering action over time, where leaching of the bases and silica and relative enrichment in iron occurs.Keywords: soil genesis, soil classification, soil-geomorphology.