Sensory evaluation of panelists on biscuit products based on sorghum flour and corn bran flour

Biscuits are a popular snack food because taste delicious and varied. However, these biscuits need to be enriched with nutrients through the addition of a combination of sorghum flour and corn bran flour. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the sensory characteristics of the panelists on biscuit products based on sorghum flour and corn bran flour. The data analysis method used statistical tests Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with a combination of treatments sorghum flour 62% + corn bran flour 38% (P1), sorghum flour 72% + corn bran flour 28% (P2), and sorghum flour 83 % + corn bran flour 17% (P3). The variables observed were the sensory characteristics of the panelists including the texture, color, aroma, and taste of the product. Based on the sensory test of the biscuit panelists with a combination of sorghum flour and corn bran flour, it affected the texture, color, aroma, and taste of the resulting biscuit. P3 treatment with a combination of 83% sorghum flour + 17% corn bran flour was the preferred one from all sensory variables including texture, color, aroma, and taste.

The Influence of the Pressure-Thermal Agglomeration Methods of Corn Bran on Their Selected Physicochemical Properties and Biogas Efficiency

The article presents the research made on the effects of methods of pressure-thermal agglomeration of corn bran, as well as the influence of processing parameters on selected physicochemical properties and biogas efficiency. Corn bran moistened to four levels of moisture content was used for the tests: 20%, 25%, 30% and 35% of dry matter. The pressure-thermal treatment was carried out with the use of a Brikol SJ25 pellet maker and a TS-45 single-screw extruder. In the tests of the extrusion-cooking process, three rotational speeds of the extruder screw were applied: 70, 90 and 110 rpm. The following characteristics were examined: efficiency of the extrusion-cooking and pelleting process, as well as the energy consumption. The water absorption index (WAI), the water solubility index (WSI), bulk density, kinetic strength, structure analysis by the ART/FTIR method, energy potential and the efficiency of cumulated biogas and cumulated methane per dry mass, as well as fresh mass and fresh organic matter and a series of microscopic pictures were completed. The analysis of the ATR/FTIR infrared spectra of the tested pelleted and extruded samples showed clear changes at the molecular level. Biogas production of extruded corn bran increased by several percent, as compared to untreated material.

Optimization of temperature and extraction time for the nutritional and phytochemical contents of corn bran with ultrasonic-method

One of the natural antioxidants sources that have the potential to be utilized as raw material for functional food is corn bran. Corn bran is a by-product of the milling process of corn that is gaining attention as a functional food is increasing in recent years. This study aimed to optimize temperature and extraction time for the nutritional and phytochemical contents of corn bran with ultrasonic-method. Optimized Custom Design was applied to investigate the effect of experimental factors on the nutritional and phytochemical contents. This study used Randomized Block Design (RBD) arranged in-factorial with 3 treatments, namely temperature and time of extraction. Temperature: A1=500C, A2=550C, A3=600C, and A4=650C, and time: B1=10 minutes, B2=15 minutes, B3=20 minutes, and B4=25 minutes. The data obtained were analyzed statistically using ANOVA with a significance level of 95% and then processed with Software DX13.0 ® program. The results of the research show the formula of the experiment which is optimal at a temperature of 500C and 10 minutes. In this condition, the result is the yield at 38.34%, nutritional contents (water at 9.17%; ash at 0.33%; fat at 1.33%, protein at 4.40%, carbohydrates at 85.47%; and crude fiber at 1.88%. produce yield 38.34%, and phytochemical contents (total phenols at 1778.07 µg GAE/g. flavonoids at 92.11 µg GAE/g, vitamin C at 5.84 mg, antioxidant activity at 43.33%, and tannins at 0.11%). This study implies that there is an increase in added value from the conversion of corn bran into nutrient-rich products and has a promising phytochemical content.

Production of minor ginsenosides by combining Stereum hirsutum and cellulase

Minor ginsenosides (MGs) (include ginsenoside F2, Compound K, PPT, etc), which are generally not produced by ginseng plants naturally, are obtained by deglycosylation of major ginsenosides. However, the conventional processes used to produce deglycosylated ginsenosides focus on the use of intestinal microorganisms for transformation. In this study, an edible and medicinal mushroom Stereum hirsutum JE0512 was screened from 161 β-glucosidase-producing soil microorganisms sourced from wild ginseng using the plate coloration method. Furthermore, JE0512 was used for the production of CK from ginseng extracts (GE) in solid-state fermentation (SSF) using 20 g corn bran as substrate, 4 g GE, and 20% inoculation volume, and the results showed that the highest CK content was 29.13 mg/g. After combining S. hirsutum JE0512 with cellulase (Aspergillus niger), the MGs (F2, CK, and PPT) content increased from 1.66 to 130.79 mg/g in the final products. Our results indicate that the Stereum genus has the potential to biotransform GE into CK and the combination of S. hirsutum JE0512 and cellulase could pave the way for the production of MGs from GE.

THE INFLUENCE OF HOLISTIC FEED ON PERFORMANCE OF SUPER NATIVE CHICK

This study determines effects of raw material feed (derived from corn, bran, soybean pods, concentrates and Indigofera zollingeriana local to Magelang) on the performance of native chicks. Performance was measured by feed consumption, body weight gain, Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), mortality, and morbidity. This experiment used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three different feed treatments, and each treatment consisted of 30 free-range female chicks as replicants, from 0-4 weeks old. Super native chick feed was formulated by trial and error by mixing all ingredients: corn, bran, soybean pods, Indigofera zollingeriana, and premix. After mixing, a proximate test determined the nutritional content of the feed. Feed was then administered to chicks. Quantity of feed was administered according to age. The results obtained in the study were analyzed descriptively and statistically using the Variance Test (ANOVA) for the variables of body weight gain, feed consumption, and FCR. The Kruskal Wallis test was used via SPSS 26 program for mortality and morbidity variables with three treatments (T1, T2, and T3) and three replications. Each treatment consisted of 30 research individuals. Results showed that the super native chicks on varied protein diets had a significant difference in performance (P0.05), with feed 3 performing the best feed 3 produced a feed consumption of 430.20 g/chick and body weight gain of 174.67 g/chick, along with 2.46 FCR, 0% mortality, and 3.33% morbidity. The conclusion this study is holistic feed made from local ingredients with the addition of Indigofera zolliengeriana had a significant effect on increasing average daily gain, increasing feed consumption, and reducing feed conversion ratio (FCR) in native super chick.

256 Evaluation of Replacement of Dietary Corn with Corn Bran Plus Condensed Distillers Solubles on Growth Performance and Carcass Trait Responses in Finishing Beef Steers

This experiment evaluated replacing dietary corn (50:50 blend of dry-rolled and high-moisture) with corn bran plus condensed distillers solubles (CBCDS) on finishing phase growth performance, efficiency of dietary net energy (NE) utilization, comparative NE value, and carcass trait responses in finishing beef steers. This study used 30 pens of 8 steers/pen assigned to one of three treatments in a randomized complete block design (initial BW=401±43.2 kg); pen served as the experimental unit. Treatments included: 1) finishing diet that contained no corn co-product (Control); 2) finishing diet that contained a dry-corn milling bio-refinery product (20% DM basis inclusion) that replaced corn in the diet: CBCDS; 3) finishing diet that contained a wet-corn milling co-product (20% DM basis inclusion) that replaced corn in the diet: wet corn gluten feed (WCGF). For all analyses, an α of 0.05 determined significance and an α of 0.06 to 0.10 was a tendency. No differences were detected (P ≥ 0.58) among treatments for carcass-adjusted final BW (HCW/0.6433), ADG, or G:F. Observed NE for maintenance and gain was not impacted (P ≥ 0.28) by treatment. No appreciable influence for treatment was detected for the ratio of observed to expected dietary NE for maintenance or gain (P ≥ 0.40). Replacement NEm and NEg values (Mcal/45.4 kg) were determined to be 93.5 and 62.3 for CBCDS and 91.5 and 60.5 for WCGF. There was no influence (P ≥ 0.16) of treatment on DP, HCW, REA, RF, USDA Marbling, KPH, EBF, or final BW at 28% EBF. Treatment tended to influence (P = 0.10) YG, where steers fed WCGF had lesser YG than Control; however, CBCDS diet was intermediate, not differing from WCGF or Control. Distribution of USDA Quality and Yield Grade did not differ (P ≥ 0.29) among treatments. Substitution of corn for CBCDS at 20% of dietary DM can occur without detriment to growth performance or carcass traits.