The birth and evolution of American elitology in the XX — early XXI century

This study analyzed in details the genesis of American school of study of elites in the period from the middle of the 20th century to the beginning of the 21st century. In this case the author makes an attempt to classify the main phases of American elitology from the 40s of the 20th century. Based on an analysis of papers of well-known American sociologists and political scientists who study elites, the author states the main approaches in relation to the study of elites. Thus, in the 1940s, the dominant approach to understanding elites was the liberal-democratic, according to which access to the elites is open for everyone who has extra skills in different spheres of society. At the same time stands a technocratic approach, which define elite as a group of professional managers who form a new class of technocracy. In 50s–60s liberal-democratic approach has been criticized by left-wing approach. From this point, elite was defined as a narrow layer of financiers and persons, who are close to the president, and this layer is closed. In the 60s–70s, the most popular approach of studying elites was pluralism. According to which, elite has no monolithic origin — it is a complex of interconnected independent elites. From the beginning of the 70s, the basic principles of pluralism have been criticized by neoelitism, according to which the most elite representatives included in most elite groups simultaneously. The late 20th — early 21st century can be characterized in two ways: dispute between pluralists and neoelitists and attempts to operationalize the concept of elite.

SYSTEM-MODEL APPROACH TO THE RESEARCH OF FOREIGN EXPERIENCE OF PERSONAL TRAINING WITH HIGHER EDUCATION FOR THE FIELD OF PUBLIC GOVERNANCE

The article is devoted to the study of the possibilities of applying the system-model approach for the analysis of foreign experience in the development of the system of professional education of specialists in the field of public administration. The main method is a comparative analysis of approaches to the training of public managers in different countries, combined with the generalization of empirical experience to gain an idea of global development trends in the study area. It is shown that the system-model approach is the most productive for determining the latter. The article analyzes the main models of development of vocational education systems of public managers in the context of the peculiarities of management systems and socio-cultural factors of different countries. At the same time, those aspects of foreign experience that can be used for the formation and development of the domestic model of professional education of public managers are highlighted. The managerial and social context of using certain components of the analyzed models for reforming the process of managerial training in Ukraine is determined. The generalizations concerning global paradigmatic (model) directions of development of system of professional education of professional managers which should serve as a basis of planning of domestic reforms in the researched sphere are carried out.

Simulating the Principal-Agent Relationship between Enterprise Owners and Professional Managers Using Evolutionary Game Theory and System Dynamics

The separation of ownership and management is a common operation mode in modern enterprises, which establishes the principal-agent relationship between modern enterprise owners and professional managers. Due to the information asymmetry and interest conflicts between the principal and agent, the principal-agent problem will occur and affect the efficiency of enterprise operations. Therefore, it is necessary to propose measures to improve the principal-agent relationship. This paper analyzed the principal-agent problem between enterprise owners and professional managers based on system dynamics, evolutionary game, and principal-agent theory and built a principal-agent evolutionary game model to analyze the rule of strategic choices and predict the equilibrium outcomes of different scenarios. In addition, the influence of different factors on strategic choices was simulated by the system dynamics model. The results depicted that the basic benefits and costs of cooperation are the key factors of the strategic choices, and the gap between the expected payoffs of different strategies also affects the probability of choosing those cooperative strategies. Proper supervision, standardization of the managerial labor market, and establishment of long-term incentives are crucial to cooperation between enterprise owners and professional managers.

Desdobramentos da relação entre gestão escolar e família dos educandos: uma metanálise de estudos publicados entre 2009 e 2019

Neste artigo, realizamos uma metanálise da produção científica acerca das relações estabelecidas entre gestão escolar e famílias dos educandos no âmbito educacional. Para tanto, utilizamos a base de dados da Web Of Science como fonte para a coleta de informações. Foram catalogados, no período entre 2009 e 2019, 40 artigos relacionados ao tema, os quais foram avaliados por meio do software VOSViewer e da análise de conteúdo. Como resultados, assinalamos a baixa interação da temática entre os autores pesquisados, uma vez que existem discrepâncias de pensamento sobre o processo de gestão escolar e sobre a relação institucional com a família. Nesse sentido, observamos que muitas ações são regidas pelos profissionais gestores, que são os profissionais capazes de executar um modelo de educação transformadora da realidade em que atuam, sobretudo no que diz respeito à participação familiar nesse processo de transformação. Contudo, com base nos dados levantados, notamos que a relação gestão escolar e família de educandos não se conectam devido à monopolização da administração escolar, que por sua vez impede uma gestão compartilhada e participativa na escola.Palavras-chave: Gestão Escolar. Família e Escola. Metanálise.Developments in the relationship between school management and the educational family: a metanalysis of studies published between 2009 and 2019ABSTRACT In this article, we conducted a meta-analysis of scientific production about the relationships established between school management and the students' families in the educational field. For this, we used the Web Of Science database as a source for collecting information. Between 2009 and 2019, 40 articles related to the topic were cataloged, which were evaluated using the VOSViewer software and content analysis. As a result, we point out the low interaction of the theme among the researched authors, since there are discrepancies in thinking about the school management process and about the institutional relationship with the family. In this sense, we observe that many actions are governed by professional managers, who are professionals capable of implementing a model of education that changes the reality in which they work, especially with regard to family participation in this transformation process. However, based on the data collected, we note that the relationship between school management and the family of students does not connect due to the monopolization of school administration, which in turn prevents shared and participative management at school.Keywords: School Management. Family and School. Metanalysis. Avances en la relación entre la gestión escolar y la familia educativa: metanálisis de estudios publicados entre 2009 y 2019RESUMENEn este artículo realizamos un metaanálisis de producción científica sobre las relaciones que se establecen entre la gestión escolar y las familias de los estudiantes en el ámbito educativo. Para eso, usamos la base de datos de Web Of Science como fuente para recopilar información. Entre 2009 y 2019 se catalogaron 40 artículos relacionados con el tema, los cuales fueron evaluados mediante el software VOSViewer y análisis de contenido. Como resultado, señalamos la baja interacción del tema entre los autores investigados, ya que existen discrepancias en el pensamiento sobre el proceso de gestión escolar y sobre la relación institucional con la familia. En este sentido, observamos que muchas acciones están regidas por gestores profesionales, quienes son profesionales capaces de implementar un modelo de educación que cambie la realidad en la que trabajan, especialmente en lo que respecta a la participación familiar en este proceso de transformación. Sin embargo, a partir de los datos recogidos, observamos que la relación entre la gestión escolar y la familia de los alumnos no se conecta debido a la monopolización de la gestión escolar, que a su vez impide la gestión compartida y participativa en la escuela.Palabras clave: Gestión Escolar. Familia y Escuela. Metaanálisis.

Delay in Construction Projects due to Lack of Procurement in Sulaimani

The study was conducted to find the effect of procurement unit (PU) on the performance of institutions that are under the government’s ministries. The study concluded that the constructional sectors that had PU offered more capable services by a relative important index (RII) proportion of 85%. The practical part of the study was done through a questionnaire that was distributed among 10 professional managers, who had actual experience in the process of constructional duties. The study was conducted on the percentage of each category factor that affected the PU. The theoretical part proved that a lack of management was the most sensitive factor with a frequency proportion of 11.6%.

Spanish Football Managers and Zonal Marking in the Nineties: From Wise Old Men to Football Engineers

This research aims to improve current knowledge on managers’ professional culture and practices through the study of how tactical requirements, and specifically the introduction of zonal marking in the 80’s and 90’s, transformed professional football managers training methods, their professional competences and requirements. In order to do so, 23 semi-estructured interviews were conducted with Spanish first división La Liga professional managers and footballers. Spanish managers in the 80’s enjoyed a traditional authority and disregarded formal instruction and knowledge. However, the tactical complexity emerged through the zonal marking system and the training methods evolution from physical to tactically focused generated a new kind of abstract knowledge and new pedagogical and group managing skills mandatory to achieve success and manage the group.

Different Management Functions in Housing Operation Practice: Ukrainian Case Study

The analytical part of the article describes the situation after 1990s, when the residential housing stock in most Central and Eastern European countries was privatized, in poor condition, and required costly major repairs at the expense of new owners, which was impossible in terms of finance. In this situation the building maintenance and operation functions are transferred to private or municipal management companies, or remain executed directly by owners’ organizations. The article examines existing services proposed to customers as residents, not taking account the functions of residents as building co-owners. The authors studied the relevant theories and legislation, comparing the current building maintenance and facility management functions to strategic functions of asset and property management. It was shown that the different interests of consumers and owners should be covered by different functions of professional managers. The obstacle is that the structure of residential housing management companies mixes them in a dual customer and owner body. This creates contradictions between the aim to minimize customer’s expenses and the need to preserve assets and property. A conclusion was reached to separate the ownership and property management of houses.