Kupffer cells in the regulation of the cholesterol content in the liver and the blood lipoproteins, the level of iodine-containing thyroid hormones in the blood and the body temperature in rats with experimental peritonitis

Despite the modern surgery progress and success, the achievements of asepsis and antisepsis, as well as rather broad possibilities of antibacterial, infusion and detoxification therapy, the incidence of peritonitis and mortality from it remain at a high level.The aim of the study was to clarify the significance of the activity of Kupffer cells in the regulation of total cholesterol in the liver and blood lipoproteins, the level of iodine-containing thyroid hormones in the blood and the body temperature in rats with experimental peritonitis.It was found that in the conditions of experimental peritonitis in rats, secondary atherogenic dyslipoproteinemia develops and the level of iodine-containing thyroid hormones in the blood decreases. Kupffer cells and nitrogen monoxide are involved in the changes in the content of total cholesterol, lipoproteins, the level of iodine-containing hormones in the blood plasma and the body temperature during peritonitis. A decrease in the activity of Kupffer cells in peritonitis, apparently, plays a compensatory role and prevents the development of secondary dyslipoproteinemia.

SIMULATION OF EXPERIMENTAL SEPSIS BY CECAL LIGATION AND PUNCTURE (CLP)

Currently, the problem of treating sepsis is acute. To study these morphological and functional changes, animal models are used, for example, a model of experimental peritonitis, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). However, there is only insufficient research on the description of internal organ rearrangements, in particular, skin morphological picture. The aim of the study was to assess of changes in mice internal organs in case of sepsis modeling. Materials and Methods. The authors performed cecal ligation and puncture in mice (n=40) to form experimental peritonitis and severe sepsis. In the control group (n=10), a sham surgery was conducted: a midline laparotomy was followed by layer-by-layer deaf suturing of the surgical wound. Results. The authors observed CLP-induced disorders in all vital organs, especially in the liver (violation of the beam structure of the hepatic lobules with signs of balloon dystrophy and necrosis areas, leukocyte infiltration, plethora of sinusoids), kidneys (thinning of the visceral layer of the Bowman’s capsule, narrowing of the afferent arteriole lumen, balloon dystrophy of proximal and distal tubules, widespread disappearance of the brush border in nephrocytes) and the spleen (hyperplasia of the white pulp with a large number of apoptotic lymphocytes). Moreover, signs of mild inflammatory infiltration were observed in the skin. Conclusion. The morphological changes found during the study corresponded to the reaction of the test organs in sepsis. The proposed CLP method for experimental peritonitis can be used as a sepsis model. Keywords: sepsis, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), skin, inflammation. В настоящий момент остро стоит проблема лечения сепсиса. Для изучения данных морфофункциональных изменений используют модели на животных, например модель экспериментального перитонита – лигирование и пункцию слепой кишки (cecal ligation and puncture, CLP). Однако исследований, касающихся описания перестроек внутренних органов, в частности морфологической картины кожного покрова, проведено явно недостаточно. Цель исследования. Морфологическая оценка изменений внутренних органов мышей в условиях моделирования сепсиса. Материалы и методы. У мышей (n=40) проводили лигирование и пункцию слепой кишки для формирования экспериментального перитонита (CLP) и тяжелого сепсиса. В контрольной группе (n=10) осуществляли «фиктивную» операцию – срединную лапаротомию с последующим послойным глухим ушиванием операционной раны. Результаты. Во всех жизненно важных органах наблюдали нарушения, индуцированные CLP, особенно в печени (нарушение балочного строения печеночных долек с признаками баллонной дистрофии и зонами некроза, лейкоцитарная инфильтрация, полнокровие синусоидов), почках (истончение висцерального листка капсулы Боумена–Шумлянского, сужение просвета приносящих артериол, баллонная дистрофия проксимальных и дистальных канальцев, повсеместное исчезновение щеточной каемки в нефроцитах) и селезенке (гиперплазия белой пульпы с наличием большого количества апоптотических лимфоцитов), а также отмечали признаки слабой воспалительной инфильтрации в коже. Заключение. Обнаруженные в ходе исследования морфологические изменения соответствуют реакции исследуемых органов при сепсисе. Предложенный метод CLP для создания экспериментального перитонита можно использовать в качестве модели сепсиса. Ключевые слова: сепсис, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), кожа, воспаление.

Morphological Characteristics of Lungs with Experimental Peritonitis on the Background of Diabetes Mellitus

Acute generalized peritonitis (AGP) and diabetes mellitus (DB) remains an urgent problem in modern medicine, as rapid disability and high mortality have been leading to cardiovascular disease and oncology pathology in recent years. The purpose is to study and evaluate the morphological changes in the lungs in animals with experimental AGP against the background of DM. Іn the experiment, 32 white rats were used. The main group consisted of 24 animals with simulated AGP against the background of CD; control group – 8 intact animals. The experimental CD was reproduced by intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin at a dose of 60 mg/kg. On the 14th day after administration of streptozotocin, animals of the main group were injected with 10 % filtered stool suspension into the abdominal cavity of the study rats at a dose of 0.5 ml per 100 g of body weight. Removal of material for histological examination was carried out on days 1, 3, and 7. For the morphological study of the lungs of rats under experimental peritonitis, the method of light microscopy was used. Micropreparations were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, according to Hart, by the Van Gizon method. Histological examination of the lung tissue of animals with simulated AGP against the background of CD compared with intact rats on day 1 of the experiment showed a tendency for vasodilation. For 3 days, the lungs of the organs were observed in the lungs of animals; the wall was thickened in the vessels of large and medium caliber, the phenomena of mucoid edema and perivascular edema with small cell infiltration were noted. At day 7, significant changes in blood vessels and bronchi in all components were detected in the lungs of animals; Perivascular edema and inflammatory infiltration along the interval septa were observed in animals with simulated AGP against the background of CD in comparison with intact rats for 1 day of the experiment in lung tissue. The wall of small bronchi was thickened by leukocyte infiltration. For 3 days, the lungs of the animals were observed full blood vessels of the pulmonary components, the phenomena of mucoid edema were noted. For 7 days in the lungs of animals found the expansion of the lumen of the arteries and veins from their full blood, thickening of the outer shell of the vessel wall.