Fatores relacionados ao atraso escolar no estado de Minas Gerais

<p>O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar os fatores que se relacionam com o atraso escolar em Minas Gerais. A metodologia utilizada envolve a aplicação de modelos logísticos hierárquicos para os dados da Prova Brasil de 2013, referentes aos 5º e 9º anos, na tentativa de identificar se existem diferenças entre os fatores associados ao atraso escolar nos anos iniciais e finais do ensino fundamental. Os resultados obtidos mostram que características dos estudantes e também as escolares estão relacionadas com a probabilidade de ocorrência de atraso escolar, havendo diferenças regionais nesse aspecto. Em particular, observa-se que as maiores chances de defasagem idade-série são para alunos do sexo masculino, não brancos, que trabalham fora de casa, estudam em turmas heterogêneas e em escolas que adotam programas de redução de taxas de abandono. Além disso, fica caracterizado que o desempenho dos estudantes considerados em atraso escolar é mais prejudicado em algumas escolas do que em outras, dependendo do nível socioeconômico do aluno.</p><p>Repetência, Modelo Logístico Hierárquico, Prova Brasil, Minas Gerais.</p><p> </p><p>Factores relacionados con el atraso escolar en el estado de Minas Gerais</p><p>El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar los factores que se relacionan con el atraso escolar en Minas Gerais. La metodología utilizada abarca la aplicación de modelos logísticos jerárquicos para los datos de la Prova Brasil del 2013, relativos a los 5º y 9º años, con el intento de identificar si hay diferencias entre los factores associados al atraso escolar en los primeros y los últimos años de la educación fundamental. Los resultados que se obtuvieron muestran que las características de los estudiantes y también las escolares se relacionan con la probabilidad de que ocurra un atraso escolar, habiendo diferencias regionales en este aspecto. Por encima de todo se observa que las mayores chances de desfase edad-año escolar ocurren con alunos del sexo masculino, no blancos, que trabajan fuera de casa, estudian en grupos heterogéneos y en escuelas que adoptan programas de reducción de tasas de abandono. Además, se caracteriza que el desempeño de los estudiantes considerados en atraso escolar es más perjudicado en algunas escuelas que en otras en función del nivel socioeconómico del alumno.</p><p>Repetición, Modelo Logístico Jerárquico, Prova Brasil, Minas Gerais.</p><p> </p><p>Factors related to school delay in the state of Minas Gerais</p><p>This article aims to analyze the main factors related to school delay in the State of Minas Gerais. We applied Hierarchical Logistic Models, based on data from Prova Brasil 2013 for 5th and 9th graders, to identify whether there are differences between the factors associated with school delay in the early and final years of elementary education. Results show that student characteristics and school factors are related to the probability of school retention, with regional differences in this regard. Results also show that the greatest chance of age-grade mismatch is for non-white male students, who also work part- or full-time and attend heterogeneous classes in schools with programs to reduce dropout rates. In addition, the performance of retained students seems to be harmed more in some schools than in others, depending on students’ socioeconomic level.</p><p>Grade Repetition, Hierarchical Logistic Model, Prova Brasil, Minas Gerais.</p>

Grade Retention at the Transition to Secondary School: Using Propensity Score Matching to Identify Consequences on Psychosocial Adjustment

This study tested whether grade retention at the transition into secondary school had a significant impact on adolescent psychosocial adjustment. A quasi-experimental design was used in which propensity score matching was implemented. Univariate ANCOVAs were subsequently run on a subsample of 181 students enrolled in one typical secondary school in the French-speaking region of Belgium ( M = 12.91 years, 55.8% girls). These analyses revealed that retained students experienced decreases in self-esteem, perceived parental support for competence and involvement in the relationships with their parents, and intrinsic and extrinsic motivation variables. Retained students also failed to show the decrease in delinquent and aggressive behaviors and social withdrawal that was observed in matched promoted students. In sum, grade retention appears to be detrimental to early-adolescence psychosocial adjustment. To decrease rates of grade retention among adolescents, change is needed in parents’, school staff’s, and policymakers’ preconceptions that the practice has overall positive outcomes.

Undergraduate Students Who Use Library Resources Are Also More Likely to Stay Enrolled

Objective – To determine if there is an association between library use and student retention. Design – Quantitative analysis. Setting – A large research university in Australia. Subjects – 6330 new undergraduate students. Methods – The researcher obtained a data set on all new undergraduate students registered at the institution in April 2010 from the student enrolment system. The data set included students’ identification number, age, gender, Australian postal code, and country of residence. Using the students’ identification numbers, the author then retrieved information from the library’s systems on the number of physical library items borrowed, and the number of logins to authenticated electronic library resources by this cohort at three points in the first semesters of 2010 and 2011. These three points in the semester fell after the course withdrawal date, mid-semester, and after exams. The author obtained additional data sets from the student enrolment system at the end of the first semester of 2010, and after the course withdrawal date and after exams in the first semester of 2011 to determine which students from the original sample were retained over the 18 month period. The researcher then compared library use data for students still enrolled at each date to those who had withdrawn from their studies. The researcher also coded students’ data according to age and socio-economic status to allow further analysis. All students in the sample were grouped into two age categories: students under 21 years of age, and mature students, which included all students aged 21 years and over. Those students with a permanent Australian address (5125) were coded as low, medium, or high socioeconomic status using the 2006 Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas. Postal codes were also used to determine if a student resided in close proximity to the university library in Western Australia, and could be expected to access the physical collection. Main Results – Students who withdrew by the end of their first semester in 2010 were more likely not to access online library resources at all (39% versus 20.4% of retained students). By the end of the first semester of 2011, retained students still showed higher use of library online resources. Over half of those leaving their studies did not login to library resources by the end of the first semester of their second year of study, compared to 17.6% of retained students. Borrowing rates for physical library items was very low among both retained students and those who withdrew from their studies in both years. The data did not demonstrate a strong association between a student’s socioeconomic status, library use, and their retention. The findings regarding age were more significant when it came to retention, with mature students more likely to withdraw from their studies by the end of their first semester than those under 21. In terms of their library use, retained mature students were more likely to borrow physical items from the library than younger students in both their first and second years of study. Conclusion – While students who remained enrolled over the 18 month period did demonstrate higher use of the library’s electronic and physical collections than those who withdrew, the low use of the library’s physical and electronic resources even by those retained undermines any conclusions that could be drawn about the positive associations between library use and retention. Mature students may benefit from targeted library supports, as their library use seems to be more positively associated with their retention than with younger students. Socio-economic status did not appear to play a major role in library use and retention, according to the study’s findings.

Making Retention Count: The Power of Becoming a Peer Tutor

Background/Context A review of the literature demonstrates that grade retention often fails to improve the academic and socioemotional outcomes of retained students. Although little empirical work on peer tutoring has focused specifically on retained students, the literature suggests that those students who act as peer tutors often experience improved school performance and self-concepts. Purpose of Study This work developed out of a concern that elementary school students being held back to repeat a grade, or retained, were not benefiting academically from non-promotion. The purpose of this action research study was to identify and implement an intervention that would improve the academic and socioemotional outcomes of a twice-retained third-grade student. Setting This study took place in a New York City public elementary school. Intervention The intervention involved implementing a 12-week peer tutoring program in which a retained third-grade student tutored a struggling classmate in mathematics. Research Design This is an action research study in which the author conducted research and implemented an intervention in her own classroom. Results After serving as a peer tutor, this student experienced increased math achievement, an improved self-concept, and better classroom behavior. These results suggest that having struggling students serve as peer tutors may be effective in improving both their academic achievement and socioemotional outcomes.

Revisiting Grade Retention: An Evaluation of Florida's Test-Based Promotion Policy

In 2002, Florida adopted a test-based promotion policy in the third grade in an attempt to end social promotion. Similar policies are currently operating in Texas, New York City, and Chicago and affect at least 17 percent of public school students nationwide. Using individual-level data on the universe of public school students in Florida, we analyze the impact of grade retention on student proficiency in reading one and two years after the retention decision. We use an instrumental variable (IV) approach made available by the relatively objective nature of Florida's policy. Our findings suggest that retained students slightly outperformed socially promoted students in reading in the first year after retention, and these gains increased substantially in the second year. Results were robust across two distinct IV comparisons: an across-year approach comparing students who were essentially separated by the year in which they happened to have been born, and a regression discontinuity design.