Petrophysical Properties of an Iraqi Carbonate Reservoir Using Well Log Evaluation

This research was aimed to determine the petrophysical properties (porosity, permeability and fluid saturation) of a reservoir. Petrophysical properties of the Shuiaba Formation at Y field are determined from the interpretation of open hole log data of six wells. Depending on these properties, it is possible to divide the Shuiaba Formation which has thickness of a proximately 180-195m, into three lithological units: A is upper unit (thickness about 8 to 15 m) involving of moderately dolomitized limestones; B is a middle unit (thickness about 52 to 56 m) which is composed of dolomitic limestone, and C is lower unit ( >110 m thick) which consists of shale-rich and dolomitic limestones. The results showed that the average formation water resistivity for the formation (Rw = 0.021), the average resistivity of the mud filtration (Rmf = 0.57), and the Archie parameters determined by the picket plot method, where m value equal to 1.94, n value equal to 2 and a value equal to 1. Porosity values and water saturation Sw were calculated along with the depth of the composition using IP V3.5 software. The interpretation of the computer process (CPI) showed that the better porous zone holds the highest amount of hydrocarbons in the second zone. From the flow zone indicator method, there are four rock types in the studied reservoir.

Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analyses of Thin-Sliced Compact Tension Specimens of Irradiated Zr-2.5Nb Materials With Consideration of Split Circumferential Hydrides

In this paper, the low energy mode associated with split circumferential hydrides is examined by conducting three-dimensional finite element analyses of thin-sliced compact tension (CT) specimens of irradiated Zr-2.5Nb materials with split circumferential hydrides. Finite element models of thin-sliced CT specimens with split circumferential hydrides and various slice thicknesses are developed with the assumption of the plane strain condition in the thickness direction except in the split circumferential hydride regions. The computational results indicate that with split circumferential hydrides, the crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) can increase 50% for thinner thin-sliced specimens under the same load per unit thickness. With the use of a strain-based failure criterion with split circumferential hydrides, the load per unit thickness for thinner thin-sliced specimens can reduce by at most 70% to meet the failure criterion.

Analysis of the Effects of Mortar Thickness and Wall Building Technique in Masonry Structures Using an Anisotropic Model

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of mortar/unit thickness ratio and unit configuration on the masonry wall behaviour and on masonry structure modelling. Firstly, five wall models with different mortar/unit thickness ratios and with different sizes of units are micro-modelled by using SAP2000 software. The results of these walls are used to obtain the material properties of anisotropic macro-models in vertical and horizontal directions. Secondly, a sample unreinforced masonry structure is simulated by the same software using anisotropic material properties. Earthquake loading is applied following the Turkish seismic code. Responses of these five structure models are compared with each other and also with their isotropic modelled counterparts. It is observed that isotropic modelling overestimates the rigidity of the structure around 3-5% for low mortar/unit thickness ratios, but underestimates the rigidity around 5-7% for high mortar/unit thickness ratios

The Study of the Relationship between the Thickness Combination of the Well and Liquid Production per Unit Thickness

Liquid production per unit thickness is the important indicator which reflect production capacity, and it is magnitude is the radio of well’s daily fluid production rate and sandstone thickness. It is an important job for petroleum reservoir engineering to study the effect of different sandstone thickness type combination to liquid production per unit thickness. Each sandstone thickness type has different size of reservoir thickness, porosity, permeability, etc.so the different sandstone thickness type will produce different degrees of influence to the size of liquid production per unit thickness. The relationship between each sandstone thickness radio and liquid production per unit thickness is obtained by studying all kinds of sandstone thickness radio under different liquid production per unit thickness.

Calculation of Land Subsidence Induced by Dewatering of Pit Based on Comprehensive Template Model

Based on the hierarchical summation method of elasticity theory, the comprehensive template model of land subsidence induced by dewatering of pit is put forward. According to the soils experience range of conversion relationship β (between deformation modulus E0 and compression modulus Es ), we can calculate upper and lower limits of Es. When the compression modulus Es is respectively taken upper and lower limit, the curve between falling groundwater values and sedimentation values can be taken in conditions of unit thickness different soils of different pore ratio. So the comprehensive template model is built. The example shows that the comprehensive template model can be effectively calculated land subsidence induced by dewatering of pit.

AVERAGE CROSSING NUMBER, TOTAL CURVATURE AND ROPELENGTH OF THICK KNOTS

Let K be a smooth knot of unit thickness embedded in the space [Formula: see text] with length L(K) and total curvature κ(K). Then [Formula: see text] where acn (K) is the average crossing number of the embedded knot K and c > 0 is a constant independent of the knot K. This relationship had been conjectured in [G. Buck and J. Simon, Total curvature and packing of knots, Topology Appl.154 (2007) 192–204] where it is shown that the square root power on the curvature is the lowest possible. In the last section we give several examples to illustrate some relationships between the three quantities average crossing number, total curvature and ropelength.