Мортальна тематика в сучасній українській романістиці: гендерний аспект

The theme of mortality in contemporary Ukrainian novels: The gender perspective The article deals with the peculiarities of artistic representation of the theme of death in contemporary Ukrainian novels and the character of their correlation with the gender specificity of the writers’ artistic depiction of the world. The author identifies the central tendencies of the phenomenon of the comprehension of death in literature and traces the link between the traditional female mother, wife and male warrior, thinker, artist social roles and the understanding of death as an existential category. Moreover, the author focuses on the alternative artistic models of trying to overcome gender stereotypes in modern Ukrainian novels and shows the tendency to represent death as a universal problem, while also dealing with individual transcendental experience and the dehumanization of modern society. Мортальная тематикав современной украинской романистике: гендерный аспектВ статье исследуются особенности художественной репрезентации темы смерти в украинской романистике начала XXI века, а также характер их корреляции с гендерной спецификой моделирования индивидуально-авторских художественных картин мира. Определены основные тенденции осмысления феномена смерти в современной национальной литературе. Прослежена связь между традиционными социальными ролями женщины мать, хранительница рода и мужчины воин, мыслитель, ремесленник и пониманием смерти как экзистенциальной категории. Особое внимание уделено альтернативным художественным моделям, представляющим попытки преодоления гендерных стереотипов в современной украинской романистике. Отмечена тенденция репрезентации феномена смерти как общечеловеческой проблемы, в частности, таких ее важных аспектов, как индивидуальный трансцендентный опыт и дегуманизация современного общества.

New perspectives of volemic resuscitation in polytrauma patients: a review

Nowadays, fluid resuscitation of multiple trauma patients is still a challenging therapy. Existing therapies for volume replacement in severe haemorrhagic shock can lead to adverse reactions that may be fatal for the patient. Patients presenting with multiple trauma often develop hemorrhagic shock, which triggers a series of metabolic, physiological and cellular dysfunction. These disorders combined, lead to complications that significantly decrease survival rate in this subset of patients. Volume and electrolyte resuscitation is challenging due to many factors that overlap. Poor management can lead to post-resuscitation systemic inflammation causing multiple organ failure and ultimately death. In literature, there is no exact formula for this purpose, and opinions are divided. This paper presents a review of modern techniques and current studies regarding the management of fluid resuscitation in trauma patients with hemorrhagic shock. According to the literature and from clinical experience, all aspects regarding post-resuscitation period need to be considered. Also, for every case in particular, emergency therapy management needs to be rigorously respected considering all physiological, biochemical and biological parameters.

“The Undiscovered Country”, “A Kind Behind the Door”, “Neverland”, or “A Small Unfocused Blur”: Uncanny Literary Definitions of Death

Known yet unknown, undiscovered yet constantly discovered and re-discovered, death has always been a gold mine providing ideas, work and wages for scientists, sociologists, philosophers, artists, literary critics, and many others who find life’s provisionality in any way “uncanny”. This article looks at select literary definitions of death that present mortality as a concept both familiar and unfamiliar, comforting and discomforting, domestic and strange. Like the Freudian term “uncanny”, the nature of mortality is complex, mysterious and elusive. As Terry Eagleton (2003: 211) points out, “[d]eath is both alien and intimate to us, neither wholly strange nor purely one’s own”. While some of Freud’s ideas from his essay “The ‘Uncanny’” are used as the basis for discussion here, this analysis is not limited to a psychoanalytic perspective and includes psychological, sociological, medical and literary references which help explore different aspects of death in literature.

Een brief uit de kring van Albrecht Rodenbach aan Aloïs Bruwier, 15 februari 1877

Uit de nalatenschap van dokter Alfons Bruwier (1857-1939) dook een brief van 15 februari 1877 op, geschreven door een zekere Romain Dewilde. Samen met Albrecht Rodenbach, Constant Lievens, Aloïs Bruwier e.a. behoorde hij tot de zgn. ‘Wonderklasse’ van Hugo Verriest, uit het schooljaar 1875-1876. De brief situeert zich dus in volle ontstaan van de Blauwvoeterie. De brief werd geschreven in het Klein Seminarie van Roeselare, op de afdeling Wijsbegeerte, waar Lievens de allereerste opleiding tot het priesterschap volgde. De aanleiding tot deze brief was de voordracht van Hugo Verriest, op 3 februari 1877 in Leuven, voor het genootschap Met Tijd en Vlijt over Leven en Dood in de Letterkunde en de Taal, nog datzelfde voorjaar in brochurevorm uitgegeven. De voordracht zelf was een belangrijke opstap naar de formulering van een eigen esthetica bij Verriest. De indruk die deze priesterleraar naliet bij zijn oud-leerlingen Albrecht Rodenbach, Constant Lievens en Alfons Bruwier, was overweldigend. Verriest benadrukte de groeikracht uit eigen Vlaams leven en zei in Leuven: “onze taal herwordt in onze herwordende jonkheid en volk”. Precies dat wat de briefschrijver met overtuiging beweerde: “In ons ligt er een leven dat eigen is.” Voorafgaand aan die brief van 15 februari waren er twee antecedenten. In oktober 1876 stuurde Rodenbach een gedicht aan Lievens, over hun beider toekomst, elk langs hun eigen levensbaan, “voor God en 't Vlaamsche land”. In december schreef Lievens dan een brief aan een ander oud-klasmakker in Leuven, boordevol herinneringen aan dit gedicht en aan de spanningen van het voorgaande schooljaar, bij het ontstaan van de Blauwvoeterie aan het Klein Seminarie van Roeselare. Het gedicht van Rodenbach en de voordracht van Verriest hebben de Roeselaarse groep sterk beroerd. ________ A letter from the circle of Albrecht Rodenbach to Aloïs Bruwier, 15 February 1877From the legacy of Doctor Aloïs Bruwier (1857-1939), a letter dated 15 February 1877 has emerged. The author Romain Dewilde, together with Albrecht Rodenbach, Constant Lievens, Aloïs Bruwier a.o. belonged to the so-called 'Wonderklas' (class of gifted students) of Hugo Verriest tn the school year 1875-1876. Therefore, the letter must be seen in the context of the Blauwvoeterie.The letter was written in the Minor Seminary of Roeselare, in the section of philosophy, where Lievens received his preliminary training for the priesthood. The immediate cause for this letter was Hugo Verriest's discourse about Life and Death in Literature and Language to the Society Met Tijd en Vlijt [With time and Diligence] on 3 February 1877 in Louvain. This speech was published in pamphlet form that same spring. For Verriest, the discourse constituted an important step to formulating his own aesthetics. This priest teacher left an overwhelming impression on his former pupils Albrecht Rodenbach, Constant Lievens and Aloïs Bruwier. Verriest emphasized the vitality from their own Flemish life, and he said in Louvain: "our language is reborn in the rebirth of our youth and our nation." This is exactly what was also started with conviction in the letter: "We have a life of our own within us." Prior to that letter of 15 February, there were two antecedents. In October 1876, Rodenbach sent Lievens a poem, about the future each of them would have, each according to his own future life, "for God and the Flemish nation". In December, Lievens wrote a letter to another former classmate in Louvain, overflowing with memories of this poem and the tensions of the previous school year, when the Blauwvoeterie originated at the Minor Seminary in Roeselare. Rodenbach's poem and the discourse by Verriest left a strong impression on the group in Roeselare.