Effect of the Basicity on Mineralogical Phases and Micro-Structure of Dephosphorization Slag in the New Double Slag Converter Steelmaking Process

In the present work, the effect of the basicity at the lower range from 0.98 to 2.13 on dephosphorization of hot metal at 1623 K was studied through high-temperature laboratorial experiments. With the increase of the basicity from 0.98 to 2.13, the P and C contents in hot metal rapidly decrease and increase at first, and then gradually decrease and increase, respectively. From the scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results, with the increase of the basicity, the phase containing the high P content changes from the matrix phase into the phosphorus (P)-rich phase. Under the present experimental conditions, the P-rich phase can only be precipitated from the liquid slag when the basicity is higher than 1.55, which is a benefit to the dephosphorization. As the Raman intensity of the P-O-Ca structure unit in the P-rich phase is significantly higher than that of the P-O-Si structure unit, most of the phosphorus in the P-rich phase exists in the P-O-Ca structure unit and a small amount of phosphorus exists in the P-O-Si structure unit. With the increase of the basicity of the dephosphorization slag, the activity coefficient of P2O5, γ(P2O5) , in the liquid phase decreases, while the basicity in the liquid phase increases.

An investigation into the use of Catford's shifts in translating short stories: translating english grammatical sentences into persian in focus

The present study investigated the use of Catford's shifts in the Persian translation. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher used a qualitative research design to examine Catford’s Translation Shifts category (1965). The research corpus was 50 English sentences of Introductory Steps to Understanding book and its Persian translation by 100 elementary EFL learners. The findings showed that shift structure, unit shift, class shift, and in-system shifts were used by learners. Also, the most shift used by learners was a structural shift. The findings achieved in this study indicated the applicability of shifts in translating grammatical sentences in Persian. Due to the complexity and variety of languages and their structure, the role of translation is very important. The researcher tried to prove that although education in the SL can be practical, finding equivalences for the grammatical sentences will complete it.

O wybranych terminach nauki o organizacji wypowiedzenia. Uwagi wstępne

Głównym celem artykułu jest zarysowanie problemów związanych z potrzebą stworzenia siatki pojęć subdyscypliny lingwistycznej, która – choć projektowana już w pismach Ferdynanda de Saussureʼa – nie doczekała się ciągle dostatecznego opracowania. Mowa o obszarze, który nadal nie ma w pełni adekwatnej i powszechnie rozpoznawalnej nazwy, a który Jadwiga Wajszczuk określa mianem „«aktualnej» organizacji wypowiedzenia” – o dziale lingwistyki mowy zajmującym się omówieniem hierarchicznie zorganizowanych warstw wypowiedzenia, rozumianego jako jednostka planu parole. Tekst zawiera przegląd kilku zaproponowanych dotychczas terminów; wskazuje też zjawiska, które domagają się wyodrębnienia i odpowiedniego nazwania. Stanowi to punkt wyjścia refleksji metodologicznej na temat budowania siatki terminologii nowo opracowywanej dyscypliny. Preliminary notes on some terms in the field of utterance organization. Summary: The paper attempts to outline the problems with the coining of terms is a linguistic subdiscipline, which – though designed by Ferdinand de Saussure – has not been sufficiently developed so far. It is an area that still lacks a fully adequate and widely recognized name, and has been referred to by Jadwiga Wajszczuk as a “«current» organization of an utterance”. It can be considered a subdiscipline of the linguistics of speech, focused on hierarchically organized layers of an utterance seen as a unit of parole. Reviewing some of the terms proposed so far and indicating concepts that should be distinguished and properly named serve as a starting point for methodological reflection on the building of terminology related to the newly developed discipline. Keywords: terminology, utterance organization, pragmatic “syntax”, syntactic structures at the level of utterance, thematic-rhematic structure, unit of speech (discourse)

Amplification and Transposition in English Commands and Its Translations into Indonesian with Reference to the Novel Entitled Harry Potter and The Order of Phoenix

Every human has their own characteristics of languages and in order to understand one language to another languages, then, translation was essential and fully needed. In order to avoid the awkward translation, therefore the translator must use a technique in translating the texts. The research aimed at analyzing the equivalence between the source language and its translations based on the translation techniques applied by translator. This research focused on the amplification and transposition techniques could be seen on the imperative sentences especially command. The research was conducted by applying qualitative method. The research was conducted by applying library research and observation methods. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive qualitative method. The study applied two methods to present the analysis of data as follows informal and formal method. Target of research did not involve participants however, this research focused on analyzing data was English commands and its translation into Indonesian by using amplification and transposition found in the novel. The result of research showed amplification and transposition were dominant used in translating the English commands (SL) into Indonesian (TL). The translator applied amplification and transposition to find equivalences when transferring the meaning from the source language (SL) into target language (TL). Therefore, the overlapping translation could be minimized. Amplification had a role especially the addition of information. The phenomena occurred when the detail information did not contain in the SL and the translator must be sensitive by putting the necessary information in TL. Transposition created three parts of shift: structure, unit, and class of shift.

Rapid synthesis and NH3-SCR activity of SSZ-13 zeolite via coal gangue

The presence of tetrahedral aluminum was the main factor contributing to the rapid synthesis, which also promoted the transformation from octahedral aluminum to tetrahedral aluminum structure unit, and further accelerated the formation of SSZ-13.