Merging and splitting flows in a tee: the Pavlovsky method

Introduction. The Pavlovsky method is employed to consider the flows that merge and split inside a tee. Materials and methods. The problem of flows, merging and splitting inside a simple straight tee, is reduced to the problem of limits in a theory of functions applied to the characteristic function of a flow. The influence of the geometric parameter of a tee (a module), head losses and an external power source, produced on the flow rate coefficient in a tee, is identified in the work. Results. The co-authors identified a relation between the geometric parameters of a tee and its capacity in case of an isoenergetic flow and an external mechanical power supply. Conclusions. As for practical tasks, it is sufficient to reproduce a pentagon, stylizing a simple straight tee, on a strip having a ledge, while preserving the correspondence of points of polygons. The following conclusions are made: dissipation does not reduce the flow rate coefficient when flows merge, neither does it reduce the flow rate coefficient when flows split; minimum values of flow rate coefficient q = Q0/Q1 in case of merging flows are attained in the absence of dissipation, and they do not exceed the maximum value of the flow rate coefficient in case of splitting flows is attained in the absence of dissipation and it is not less than dissipation in a tee is explained by the flow separation from the vertex of angle B when flows merge and by the flow separation from the vertex of angle C when flows merge. Hydraulic losses do not reduce flow rate coefficient q = q+ when flows merge and do not increase flow rate coefficient q = q– when flows split. flow rate coefficient q+ goes down if a source of external mechanical power (a pump) is connected to a tee when flows merge; if flows split, the flow rate coefficient goes up and varies within the 1 < q– < 2 interval, and it doesn’t go up if q– > 2.

Development of a Design Tool for Flow Rate Optimization in the Tata Swach Water Filter

When developing a first-generation product, an iterative approach often yields the shortest time-to-market. In order to optimize its performance, however, a fundamental understanding of the theory governing its operation becomes necessary. This paper details the optimization of the Tata Swach, a consumer water purifier produced for India. The primary objective of the work was to increase flow rate while considering other factors such as cost, manufacturability, and efficacy. A mathematical model of the flow characteristics through the filter was developed. Based on this model, a design tool was created to allow designers to predict flow behavior without prototyping, significantly reducing the necessity of iteration. Sensitivity analysis was used to identify simple ways to increase flow rate as well as potential weak points in the design. Finally, it was demonstrated that maximum flow rate can be increased by 50% by increasing the diameter of a flow-restricting feature while simultaneously increasing the length of the active purification zone. This can be accomplished without significantly affecting cost, manufacturability, and efficacy.

A Method and Analysis for Improving Thermal Efficiency of Nuclear Power Plant

In order to improve thermal efficiency of nuclear power plant with a pressurized water reactor, this paper analyzed the reason why nuclear power plant runs with a low thermal efficiency, and then pointed out that the conventional operation mode results in a low thermal efficiency for middle and high load regions. A new method was proposed to improve its thermal efficiency by operating nuclear power plant under the condition with a high and constant steam parameter. Two problems encountered by the proposed method were investigated, and the results indicate that it is preferential way to increase flow rate of primary side coolant to boost steam parameter of the rated condition, and it is feasible to maintain steam parameter constant by regulating flow rate of primary side coolant continuously.

Numerical Study on Structural Improvement of the Grill Fixed at the Outlet of the Air Conditioner Outdoor Unit

This paper presents the techniques to numerically simulate the inner flow field of the air conditioner outdoor unit with Fluent. The results are verified experimentally and proved to be mesh-independent. The possibility of improvement to increase the flow rate by modifying the grill’s structural parameters is shown through analyzing the numerical results. The gill’s structure is improved using the flow field information got from numerical simulation and the improvement helps to increase flow rate by 4.1% and reduces the turbulent intensity near the grill significantly.