The Role of Family Visitors in Supervising, Removing, and Returning Children

Family visitors supervised children released on probation and strove to guide youngsters and their parents towards the faith. They insisted on children being baptized, studying the catechism, and, where necessary, placing them in Catholic boarding schools. They consistently looked to the spiritual rather than material welfare of the families. In this endeavour they targeted poor families, political families, and Protestants. Despite this, family visitors were overworked, floundered in the face of family resistance, and frequently chose the most lenient policy available. This allowed parents to petition for the return of their children or to keep their children with only a few desultory inspections of their homes carried out. Children exploited these weaknesses. In some cases they simply walked out of care homes and returned to live with their families. Children on probation also proved willing to denounce parents they despised for their immoral behaviour.

“Life” is more important than “freedom”: Currently central trend within mythology of liberal and democratic process

Reasons and consequences of changes within motivational sphere of contemporary liberal and democratic politics in our country and abroad are analyzed in the article. Inherent in recent liberal and democratic politics, social and mythological concept that civil freedoms are the supreme value and any sacrifices (made by a man or society) to defend them are reasonable is gradually displaced with another stereotypical and socially valuable precept. According to it, nothing in politics (nor even struggle for civil freedom) is a sufficient motive for a modern man living in (or dreaming of becoming a part of it) a consumerist society to compromise on material welfare, let alone life. The tendency of spreading this new trend in motivation of liberal and democratic process to motivational sphere of Russian politics is noted.

Church Reform of Peter I: Source Study Aspect (According to the Materials of the Vologda Archbishops House of St. Sophia)

Introduction. The inventory of buildings and property are an accounting document. The largescale description of the lands and property of the spiritual patrimony of 1701–1705 carried out within the framework of the Church Reform of Peter I should be considered as a stage in the control of the state over the material welfare of the Church. Materials. Inventories of bishops houses and monasteries were found in the central and regional archives. A number of documents of the early 18th century were published. Analysis. Different census takers carried out descriptions of the patrimonies of the Vologda Bishops house in five regions of the country, which indicates applying the uyezd by uyezd principle of the description of the regions. The comparison of the texts shows that census books of the patrimonies of the Vologda Bishops house of 1701–1702 were primary in relation to the census of economy (statements) of the Vologda Bishops house in 1702–1703. An inventory of the Bishops Treasury was also made. Results. The comparison of three censuses (patrimony, economy, treasury) gave state documents on the basis of which it was possible to make a complete picture of the economy and property of the Vologda house of St. Sophia. In this regard, a complete secularization of Church possessions actually took place, however it was not fully formalized legally.

The Implementation of Akhlak-Based Local Content Curriculum in Bangka Tengah Regency

Akhlak or moral education, which should be applied in the family, at school, and in the societies, is considered as the key success of education. However, most children are equipped with only cognitive religious knowledge without any formation of faith foundation. As a result, most children are good at knowledge and intelligence but poor behaviour. To avoid such condition, it is necessary to consider Islamic teachings as not only the objects of study and memorization, but as the values that should also be implemented. This ideal condition is intended to minimize the tendency that many adolescence orient to the material welfare and hedonism, which have made them have poor morals and spirituality. As a result, they do not have an Islamic personality, but an instant personality influenced by destructive content they watch from various media. To avoid a further destruction and to improve such condition, there should be a moral-based local content curriculum.

Assessment of the Main Economic Indicators of Tourism Development in Kazakhstan

Population growth and growth in its material welfare are important factors for changing the needs for recreation, making recreation a dynamic element. In this article, the authors consider the results of their analytical study of economic aspects of the development of tourism in Kazakhstan. In particular, the indicators of direct tourism, the dynamics of domestic and inbound tourist flow over a number of years in a regional context are analysed. Common weaknesses and potential for development of the industry are noted. The type of tourist services consumer is described by education, mobility, individualism and independence, awareness, greening of consciousness, insistence on high standards of services. The results of the study allowed the authors to draw a number of interesting conclusions that allow us to assess the overall state and importance of the industry for the country's economy, consumer activity in the tourist services market.

Penal rights of convicted persons

В статье рассматриваются отдельные специальные права осужденных к лишению свободы, не имеющие прямых конституционных оснований. Это права на бесплатное материально-бытовое обеспечение, личную безопасность, психологическую помощь и вежливое обращение. По мнению автора, они представляют собой особую группу субъективных пенитенциарных прав, вытекающих из факта государственной изоляции граждан в специальных учреждениях и определяемых принципом гуманизма. Значительное внимание этим вопросам уделяется и в общепризнанных международных актах об обращении с заключенными. По мнению автора, количество и содержание таких специальных пенитенциарных прав имеет тенденцию к расширению. This article is concerned with particular specific rights of convicted to imprisonment, which don’t have direct constitutional foundation. These are rights to free material welfare service, private security, psychological aid and polite treatment. In the author’s opinion, they present a special group of subjective penal rights, resulting the fact of official isolation of citizens in special institutions and defined by the principle of humanity. Considerable attention to these problems is also paid in generally acknowledged international acts on treatment of convicted persons. According to the author’s opinion number and content of these special penal rights have tendency to enlarge.