Characterization of Drugs with Good Glass Formers in Loaded-Mesoporous Silica and Its Theoretical Value Relevance with Mesopores Surface and Pore-Filling Capacity

The incorporation of a drug into mesoporous silica (MPS) is a promising strategy to stabilize its amorphous form. However, the drug within MPS has shown incomplete release, despite a supersaturated solution being generated. This indicates the determination of maximum drug loading in MPS below what is experimentally necessary to maximize the drug doses in the system. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the drugs with good glass former loaded-mesoporous silica, determine the maximum drug loading, and compare its theoretical value relevance to monolayer covering the mesoporous (MCM) surface, as well as pore-filling capacity (PFC). Solvent evaporation and melt methods were used to load each drug into MPS. In addition, the glass transition of ritonavir (RTV) and cyclosporine A (CYP), as well as the melting peak of indomethacin (IDM) and saccharin (SAC) in mesoporous silica, were not discovered in the modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC) curve, demonstrating that each drug was successfully incorporated into the mesopores. The amorphization of RTV-loaded MPS (RTV/MPS), CYP-loaded MPS (CYP/MPS), and IDM-loaded MPS (IDM/MPS) were confirmed as a halo pattern in powder X-ray diffraction measurements and a single glass transition event in the MDSC curve. Additionally, the good glass formers, nanoconfinement effect of MPS and silica surface interaction contributed to the amorphization of RTV, CYP and IDM within MPS. Meanwhile, the crystallization of SAC was observed in SAC-loaded MPS (SAC/MPS) due to its weak silica surface interaction and high recrystallization tendency. The maximum loading amount of RTV/MPS was experimentally close to the theoretical amount of MCM, showing monomolecular adsorption of RTV on the silica surface. On the other hand, the maximum loading amount of CYP/MPS and IDM/MPS was experimentally lower than the theoretical amount of MCM due to the lack of surface interaction. However, neither CYP or IDM occupied the entire silica surface, even though some drugs were adsorbed on the MPS surface. Moreover, the maximum loading amount of SAC/MPS was experimentally close to the theoretical amount of PFC, suggesting the multilayers of SAC within the MPS. Therefore, this study demonstrates that the characterization of drugs within MPS, such as molecular size and interaction of drug-silica surface, affects the loading efficiency of drugs within MPS that influence its relevance with the theoretical value of drugs.

Effectiveness of Insole Colour on Impact Loading and Lower-Limb Kinematics When Running at Preferred and Nonpreferred Speeds

While colour of red can play a significant role in altering human perception and performances, little is known about its perceptual-motor effect on running mechanics. This study examined the effects of variations in insole colours on impact forces, ankle kinematics, and trial-to-trial reliability at various running speeds. Sixteen male recreational runners ran on instrumented treadmill at slow (90%), preferred (100%), and fast (110%) running speeds when wearing insoles in red, blue, and white colours. We used synchronized force platform and motion capturing system to measure ground reaction force, ankle sagittal and frontal kinematics, and movement variability. A two-way (colour x speed) ANOVA with repeated measures was performed with Bonferroni adjusted post hoc comparisons, with alpha set at 0.05. Data analyses indicated that participants demonstrated higher impact and maximum loading rate of ground reaction force, longer stride length, shorter contact time, and smaller touchdown ankle inversion as well as larger ankle sagittal range of motion (RoM), but smaller frontal RoM in fast speed as compared with preferred P < 0.05 and slow speeds P < 0.001 . Although insole colour had minimal effect on mean values of any tested variables P > 0.05 , participants wearing red-coloured orthoses showed higher coefficient of variation values for maximum loading rate than wearing blue insoles P = 0.009 . These results suggest that running at faster speed would lead to higher impact loading and altered lower-limb mechanics and that colour used on the tops of insoles influences the wearers’ movement repeatability, with implications for use of foot insole in running.

Design of an Active Damping System for Vibration Control of Wind Turbine Towers

The vibration of wind turbine towers is relevant to the reliability of the wind turbine structure and the quality of power production. It produces both ultimate loads and fatigue loads threatening structural safety. This paper aims to reduce vibration in wind turbine towers using an active damper named the twin rotor damper (TRD). A single degree of freedom (SDOF) oscillator with the TRD is used to approximate the response of wind turbines under a unidirectional gusty wind with loss of the electrical network. The coincidence between the wind gust and the grid loss is studied to involve the maximum loading on the structure. The performance of the proposed damping system under the maximum loading is then evaluated on the state-of-the-art wind turbine NREL 5 MW. The effectiveness of the TRD is compared to a passive tuned mass damper (TMD) designed with similar requirements. The numerical results reveal that, at the 1st natural mode, the TRD outperforms the passive TMD by three to six times. Moreover, the results show that the TRD is effective in reducing ultimate loads on wind turbine towers.

Segmental Variability of Precipitation In The Mahanadi River Basin During 1901-2017

Eigen-based sequential spatial pattern analysis an application of PCA is presented here. The analysis examines the spatial distribution of precipitation over the Mahanadi river basin. The Spatial(S)-mode of sequential spatial pattern analysis with the application of Maximum loading value of rotated retained principal component (also referred to as Maximum loading value approach) to assess a gridded monthly rainfall data of resolution 0.25° x 0.25° having a record length of 117 years (1901-2017). The meteorological records have a sequential spatial field for Spatial and Temporal-mode, which can be used for recognizing the area for precipitation variability and regime. The identified patterns of the different timeslot segments were then analyzed for their dispersions of the annual precipitation observed at different station points using similarities and dissimilar characteristics of inter-cluster and between clusters respectively. Validation of the regionalized pattern for distinctness and a pairwise comparison of CDFs using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov ‘D’ statistic test.

Characterization and metal loading capacity of humic acids derived from composted rice straw and olive pomace affected by the humification degree

<p>Laboratory study was performed to assess the impact of humification degree of humic acids isolated from composted rice straw (RS) and olive pomace (OP) on the metal loading capacity of extracted humic acids with Fe, Mn and Zn at different pH values (4, 5 and 6). The results revealed that the highest values of total acidity, carboxyl and phenolic-OH groups were achieved by HA-c extracted from compost C. Both HA-c and FA-c realized more pronounced values of total carbon and nitrogen content. Adversely, HA-c and FA-c achieved less pronounced values of oxygen and hydrogen as well as H/C, O/C and C/N atomic ratios. The loading capacity of Fe⁺² reached to optimum values at pH 5 for all studied humic acids. While the maximum loading capacity of Mn⁺² or Zn⁺² was achieved at pH 6. In this respect, the maximum loading capacity of Fe⁺², Mn⁺² and Zn⁺²were obtained for HA-c followed by HA-d.</p>

Load-Bearing Characteristics of Large-Diameter Rock-Socketed Piles Based on Ultimate Load Tests

As part of a large converter project in Shandong Province, vertical static load tests and internal force tests were conducted on three large-diameter rock-socketed piles, their load transfer mechanism was clarified, and the ultimate side resistance and ultimate resistance performance characteristics of the rock-socketed sections were analyzed. The test results showed that the three test piles were damaged under maximum loading, the Q-s curve exhibited a steep drop, the pile compression was around 1.2 times the pile diameter, and the bearing capacity of a single pile did not meet the design requirements. The side and end resistances of the three test piles all reached their ultimate values, but the ultimate side resistance was lower than the lower limit of the recommended value in the current technical code for building pile foundations. The end resistance under maximum loading accounted for 38.4–53.8% of the peak load, which was relatively high. By comparing it with other studies, there was no significant correlation between the coefficient of rock ultimate side resistance of the rock-socketed segment and the pile diameter of the rock-socketed segment. However, the coefficient of ultimate resistance increased gradually with the pile diameter. However, the latter correlation was not significant when the pile diameter was less than 1000 mm.

TECHNOLOGY OF LINGERING COOKIES OF FUNCTIONAL PURPOSE WITH THE USE OF MEDICINAL AND TECHNICAL RAW MATERIALS

Разработаны рецептура и технология производства затяжного печенья функционального назначения с использованием сухих экстрактов мелиссы, пустырника, шалфея, боярышника и валерианы, обогащающих изделия антиоксидантами. Исследовано влияние добавления сухих экстрактов в качестве обогащающей добавки и взамен части пшеничной муки. Обоснована целесообразность замены 7 муки сухими экстрактами, что обеспечило повышение намокаемости на 10,4, снижение предельного усилия нагружения на 36,0 и сохранение высоких значений органолептических показателей печенья. Приведена рецептура разработанного затяжного печенья Энергия природы . Показано, что внесение экстрактов лекарственно-технического сырья взамен 7 муки позволило снизить энергетическую ценность изделий на 3,4, повысить содержание в-каротина в 2,7 раза, аскорбиновой кислоты в 2 раза, флавоноидов в 2,6 раза. Установлено, что при употреблении 100 г разработанного печенья в организм человека поступает 58,03 мг антиоксидантов, что соответствует 16,6 суточной потребности и позволяет рекомендовать печенье Энергия природы как изделие функционального назначения. Recipes and technologies for the production of lingering functional cookies have been developed using dry extracts of melissa, motherwort, sage, hawthorn and valerian, which enrich the products with antioxidants. The effect of adding dry extracts as an enriching additive and instead of part of wheat flour was investigated. The expediency of replacing 7 of flour with dry extracts is justified, as evidenced by an increase in wetting by 10,4, a decrease in the maximum loading force by 36,0 and the preservation of the values of organoleptic indicators of cookies. The recipe of the developed lingering cookies Energiya prirody is given. It is shown that the introduction of extracts of medicinal plant raw materials instead of 7 flour allowed to reduce the energy value of products by 3,4, increase the content of в-carotene by 2,7 times, ascorbic acid by 2 times, flavonoids by 2,6 times. It was found that when using 100 g of the developed cookies, the human body receives 58,03 mg of antioxidants, which corresponds to 16,6 of the daily requirement, which allows us to recommend cookies Energiya prirody as a functional product.