Simple rules for resolved level crossing spectra in magnetic field effects on reaction yields

In this work we derive conditions under which a level crossing line in magnetic field effect curve for a recombining radical pair will be equivalent to ESR spectrum, and discuss three simple rules for qualitative prediction of the level crossing spectra.

Relaxation behaviors of star polymers in the grid model

The tube theory has made a detailed description for the linear polymer entangled system, while the behavior of entangled star polymers is still determined by a qualitative prediction. In this paper, the dynamical simulation of a three-arms star polymer in the grid model is presented. We record the diffusion coefficient [Formula: see text], the relaxation time for the arms of star polymer [Formula: see text] and some other parameters corresponding to different branch length. Therefore, results that are inconsistent with the theoretical begin to emerge.

Qualitative Prediction Model for Dynamic Behavior of Ballasted Tracks

Theoretical, experimental, analytical, and statistical evaluations were performed to predict and assess the dynamic behavior of a ballasted track, such as the track support stiffness, track impact factor, or dynamic wheel–rail forces. Field measurements were then performed to evaluate the dynamic behavior of the ballasted track and its components. A qualitative prediction model was then developed to predict and assess track performance as a function of dynamic wheel-rail force and variation in track support stiffness. The developed two-degree-of-freedom dynamic track model can define the rail pad and ballast stiffness ranges based on designed and measured values. Using the proposed model, qualitative analysis results are presented as a discrete space of various track responses and parameters, rather than as single values. The proposed model was then validated using field measurements, which demonstrated that the proposed model predicted the vertical rail displacement and rail bending stress within approximately 2–5% of the obtained field measurements. Overall, the developed qualitative prediction model allows the dynamic response of in-service ballasted tracks to be estimated as a function of the rail pad and ballast stiffness using only a simple field measurement.