Differences in body composition between affected and nonaffected sides in cerebral palsy football athletes: Preliminary findings (Diferencias en la composición corporal entre los lados afectados y no afectados em atletas de fútbol con parálisis cerebral:

To verify the symmetry of body composition distribution in cerebral palsy (CP) football players with hemiparesis, was carried out a cross-sectional study with17 football-7-a-side players with CP and hemiparesis, level I according to the Gross Motion Function Classification System and as class 7 according to the International Federation of CP Football. The body composition was evaluated, on both affected and nonaffected sides, by anthropometry and bioimpedance. As a result, fat free mass weight, limb girths and limb muscular areas were significantly higher on nonaffected side. In addition, fat mass weight, limb skinfolds and lower limb fat areas were significantly lower on nonaffected side, but the arm fat area are similar on both sides. These findings suggested that physical requirements of training and competitions of 7-a-side-football allows the muscular development in the non-affected side, however, they are not enough for the muscular development in the affected side to reach a similar development to the non-affected side. Resumen: Para verificar la simetría de la distribución de la composición corporal en jugadores de fútbol con parálisis cerebral (PC) y hemiparesia, se realizó un estudio transversal con 17 jugadores de fútbol 7 con PC y hemiparesia, nivel I según el Gross Motion Function Classification System, y como clase 7 según la International Federation of CP Football. La composición corporal se evaluó, tanto en el lado afectado como en el no afectado, mediante antropometría y bioimpedancia. Como resultado, el peso de la masa libre de grasa, la circunferencia de las extremidades y las áreas musculares de las extremidades fueron significativamente mayores en el lado no afectado. Además, el peso de la masa grasa, los pliegues cutáneos de las extremidades y las áreas de grasa de las extremidades inferiores fueron significativamente menores en el lado no afectado, pero el área de grasa del brazo es similar en ambos lados. Estos resultados sugirieron que los requisitos físicos del entrenamiento y las competiciones de fútbol 7 permiten el desarrollo muscular en el lado no afectado, sin embargo, no son suficientes para que el desarrollo muscular del lado afectado alcance un desarrollo similar al del lado no afectado.

Comparison of Muscle Activation and Kinematics in 6-RM Squatting With Low and High Barbell Placement

The aim of this study was to compare 6-RM muscle activation and kinematics in back squats with low and high barbell placements. Twelve resistance-trained males (23.5 ± 2.6 years, 86.8 ± 21.3 kg, 1.81 ± 0.08 m) with a minimum of 2 years of squatting experience performed a 6-RM using high and low barbell placements while muscle activation of eight muscles and joint kinematics were measured. During high barbell placement squats, lifting time was longer, with lower average velocity than low barbell placement. This was accompanied by a lesser knee flexion angle at the lowest point of the squat, and larger hip flexion angles during high, compared to low barbell squats. Furthermore, peak angular ankle, knee and hip velocities in the descending phase developed differently between conditions. No significant differences in muscle activation were found between conditions. Thus, our data suggests gross muscular adaptations between barbell placements may be similar over time, and therefore, from a muscular development standpoint, both squat styles are valid. Furthermore, unlike the low barbell placement, fatigue may manifest earlier itself in the high barbell squats during 6-RMs as sets progress toward a lifter’s maximal capacity, altering kinematics, especially in the last repetition.

Morphometric Characterization of the Lidia Cattle Breed

Morphometric studies in Lidia cattle are scarce due to the challenges of handling and approaching this breed of cattle. For this reason, the first morphological characterization of the Lidia breed was carried out using photogrammetry. In the present work, 264 adult individuals (184 males and 80 females), belonging to 21 different herds, were studied. A total of 20 morphological measurements and five indexes were determined in every individual. There were many positive correlations between the measures, giving the model great morphostructural harmony. Considerable internal variability of the studied parameters was observed. This breed reflected significant sexually dimorphic features and internal morphological differences between the different genetic lines of the breed. Lidia cattle are small and mostly have a sub-concave profile (58.4% males and 69.7% females). The male proportionality indexes and the relative depth of the thorax indicated great muscular development of the anterior third and high thoracic capacity. The phaneroptic information describes a mostly black animal with black mucous and hooves and an outstanding development of the dewlaps and the tail in the males.

SH3KBP1 scaffolds endoplasmic reticulum and controls skeletal myofibers architecture and integrity

The building block of skeletal muscle is the multinucleated muscle fiber, formed by the fusion of hundreds of mononucleated precursor cells, myoblasts. In the normal course of muscle fiber development or regeneration, myonuclei are actively positioned throughout muscular development and adopt special localization in mature fibers: regular spacing along muscle fibers periphery, raising the notion of MyoNuclear Domains (MNDs). There is now growing support for a direct connection between myonuclear positioning and normal function of muscles, but how myonuclei affects muscle function remains poorly characterized.To identify new factors regulating forces applied on myonuclei in muscles fibers, we performed a siRNA screen and identified SH3KBP1 as a new factor controlling myonuclear positioning in early phases of myofibers formation. Depletion of SH3KBP1 induces a reset of MNDs establishment in mature fibers reflected by a dramatic reduction in pairwise distance between myonuclei. We show that SH3KBP1 scaffolds Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) in myotubes that in turn controls myonuclei velocity and localization and thus myonuclear domains settings. Additionally, we show that in later phases of muscle maturation, SH3KBP1 contributes to the formation and maintenance of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR) and Transverse-tubules (T-tubules). We also demonstrate that in muscle fibers, GTPase dynamin-2 (DNM2) binds to SH3 domains of SH3KBP1. Interestingly, we observed that Sh3kbp1 mRNA is up regulated in a mouse model harboring the most frequent mutation for Autosomal Dominant CentroNuclear Myopathy (AD-CNM): Dnm2+/R465W. SH3KBP1 thus appears as a compensation mechanism in this CNM model since its depletion contributes to an increase of CNM-like phenotypes (reduction of muscle fibers Cross-section Areas (CSA) and increase in slow fibers content).Altogether our results identify SH3KBP1 as a new regulator of myonuclear domains establishment in the early phase of muscle fibers formation through ER scaffolding and later in myofibers integrity through T-tubules scaffolding/maintenance.SummaryMyonuclei are actively positioned throughout muscular development. Guiraud, Christin, Couturier et al show that SH3KBP1 scaffolds the ER through Calnexin interaction and controls myonuclei motion during early steps of muscle fibers formation. Besides SH3KBP1 participates in cell fusion and T-tubules formation/maintenance in mature skeletal muscle fibers and contributes to slow-down CNM-like phenotypes.

Mental Preparation of Students Preceding the Course

In the preparation of”complete actors” only the technical aspects are not decisive, they will not only train them for the level of mastery. Aerobic exercises, forexample, can only play a part in recreation and muscular development, but when we talk about the scenic movement that uses actors’ preparation, the situation changes; the future actor has to work out physical exercises by passing through the mental as well as the spiritual filter. Each student should think about how the exercises indicated by the teacher feel in their bodies, the reception may be different from the way the teacher / college actors / dancers experience the movement. In this context, the student is the only expert in what he likes to do with the movements indicated by the one in front of him, or what emotions are evoked when he experiences a choreographic phrase. This makes the study of acting or dance a form of art, and the difference is given by their inner experiences. the uniqueness of the body on the move.”

Dance Anatomy

Experience the raw energy and aesthetic beauty of dance as you perfect your technique with Dance Anatomy. Featuring hundreds of full-color illustrations, Dance Anatomy presents more than 100 of the most effective dance, movement, and performance exercises, each designed to promote correct alignment, improved placement, proper breathing, and prevention of common injuries. The exercises are drawn in stunning detail, capturing the dancer in motion and highlighting the active muscles associated with each movement so you can develop and strengthen different areas of the body. You will clearly see how muscular development translates into greater poise and elegance on the stage. Each chapter addresses a key principle of movement to help you improve performance, beginning with the center of the body, where dance begins. You will learn exercises to target specific areas, such as shoulders and arms, pelvis, and lower legs to enhance flexibility and ensure safety. You will also discover more efficient ways of improving your lines and technique by implementing a supplementary conditioning program that takes into account your changing cycles of classes, practices, and times of rest. Regardless of your ability level or dance style, Dance Anatomy will help you master the impeccable balance, intense muscular control, and grace to prepare you for your next leading role!

« If you control your nutrition, you can shape your body at will! ». A rational management of food intake by bodybuilders

Here is how Cédric sees people eating French fries, six month after entering a bodybuilding training room: « If I give it greasy food (speaking about his body), I run the risk of being nauseated by these chips and the organism will not miss out on the chance of stocking all this unhoped for fat, which would ruin 5 weeks of daily efforts. Ridiculous! ». Certain foods become a source of aversion; eating is no longer a pleasure. These words are even more surprising when discovering Cédric’s dietary habits. Indeed, he eats alternatively 33 grams of plain rice and then, one hour later, 100 grams of chicken, which he repeats 16 times a day. In order to stay awake, he takes pure caffeine, in addition to the usual products: vitamins and food supplements. How is such a fast change in food tastes and distastes possible? How does it occur? This can only be understood by examining the logic that governs the world of bodybuilding. Each aspect of life is reorganized around one single aim: maximal muscular development. Thus, increasing muscular mass is the ultimate aim of bodybuilders, which means that pleasure can only come from activities that bring them closer to this aim. Eating becomes a completely instrumental activity; bodybuilders speak of « nutrimentation ». Phases of drastic dieting are followed by calorific orgies. These modifications are the result of the continuous inculcation of puritan ethics which progressively organize every aspect of their life.