CERAMIC BUILDING MATERIALS USING NON-TRADITIONAL RAW MATERIALS

the paper raises questions about the search for the possibility of obtaining a construction ceramic material using a special type of raw material component. Diopside concentrate was chosen as the basis for the ceram-ic masses due to its positive parameters necessary to improve the strength properties of the material and to support local deposits of raw materials in the East Siberian region. To reduce the optimal firing temperature, an aqueous-alkaline solution of sodium silicate was used in small quantities. The chemical composition of the diopside rock showed mainly the presence of silicon oxides. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the presence of diopside, quartz and calcite. Sodium-silicate glass is characterized by a full content of silica and a modulus of 3. Using the state diagram of three-component systems, the temperature limits necessary for sintering ceramic masses are established. The fusibility curves show that at a temperature of 1040oC, the values of the primary melt for various compositions are 4-14%, and the total melt content is observed at 1475oC. The parameters of physical and mechanical properties of the ceramic material were determined, where at the firing temperature of 1000-1100oC the value of fire shrinkage was no more than 1%, water ab-sorption up to 10%, and compressive strength up to 31 MPa. Moreover, with an increase in the amount of diopside to 90% by weight, the strength increases, and shrinkage decreases. X-ray phase analysis of the compositions determined mainly analytical lines of diopside, which begin to decrease by 1000oC, which de-termines the relationship with the liquid glass. The DTA and TG curves of the thermogram showed endo-thermic and exothermic effects due to the release of adsorbed water and crystallization of glass. The possi-bility of obtaining high-strength low-shrink ceramics using diopside raw materials as the basis of ceramic masses when adding sodium-silicate glass in the form of a melt is established.

TECHNOLOGY FOR PRODUCING COMPOSITE GLASS-CRYSTAL FACING MATERIALS BASED ON MIXED CULLET

An effective energy-saving technology for producing composite glass-crystal facing materials based on fractionated cullet of sheet and container glasses, cullet of porcelain and sodium liquid glass has been developed. The use of fine porcelain powder in the composition of composite glass-crystal facing materials in an amount of up to 10 wt is justified. % and liquid sodium glass up to 5 wt. %. It is shown that the optimal fractional composition of granulated mixed cullet is 35 wt. % fraction 0.63-0.80 mm; 35 wt. % - fractions of 0.80-1.25 mm and 30 wt. % fraction of 1.25-3.15 mm. Polytherms of viscosity of colorless, green and brown container glasses, as well as sheet glass, are calculated. The possibility of using mixed cullet for obtaining composite glass-crystal facing materials is on the basis of obtained dependencies. The chemical composition of sheet and container glasses and porcelain is studied using x-ray fluorescence analysis. Optimal charge compositions have been developed to obtain glass-crystal materials with compressive strength up to 79 MPa. The technology of obtaining composite glass-ceramic facing material includes the following technological operations: milling of glass breakage; grinding cullet of porcelain; drying of sodium liquid glass; the screening of crushed cullet on fractions; the grind of crushed cullet of China; grinding the dried sodium silicate glass; weighing the components in accordance with the developed formulations, the averaging of the graded cullet with fine porcelain; averaging the mixture of finely ground dried sodium silicate glass; stacking the mixture in a metal mold; compaction of the mixture in metal molds; heat treatment in a muffle furnace (sintering); extraction of facing tiles from molds; trimming the edges of the tiles with a diamond saw; quality control of finished products.