Rowing electric installations: overview, analysis, development prospects

The monograph provides an overview and analysis of ship's rowing electrical installations, modern scientific and technical solutions aimed at improving the theory and practice of electrical systems of ship propulsion systems are considered. Solutions of urgent problems related to the development of rowing electric installations of small-tonnage vessels based on the introduction of combined power plants, including electrochemical sources of electricity (batteries), are proposed. It is intended for scientific and educational purposes and is aimed at specialists in the field of ship power engineering, cadets and students of electromechanical specialties of educational institutions.

PERSPECTIVES FOR A WIND ASSISTED SHIP PROPULSION

For three different wind propulsion technologies, the energy saving potential of sea going cargo vessels are discussed: a kite, a Flettner rotor and a Dynarig-sail. The energy saving potential can be increased significantly if the route can be optimized when using a wind assisted ship propulsion. The increase of travelling time due to a route adoption is within the frame of the commonly accepted uncertainty in supply chains and can be limited or adjusted in the route optimization software as a parameter. The calculated saving potential depends on several parameters: the considered wind propulsion system, the route, the kind of ship (bulker, multipurpose carrier, tanker), as well as the ship speed and the weather. The cost-effectiveness of the installation of a wind propulsion system strongly depends on the fuel price, the ship speed and the international policy concerning the ship emissions.

CONCEPT DESIGN FOR A SUEZMAX TANKER POWERED BY A 70 MW SMALL MODULAR REACTOR

The authors are to be congratulated on a well- researched and timely technical paper. I am pleased to express my personal opinion on the subject. COSCO was intending to initiate a study in December 2009 on nuclear powered ship design in order to reduce GHG emissions from shipping. However, this plan was aborted three years after, following the catastrophic accident at the Fukushima nuclear power station in Japan during March 2011. This intensified political and public opposition to nuclear power to the extent that Germany has since adopted plans to decommission its entire nuclear infrastructure. However, confidence is beginning to re- emerge - confidence which I share. With increasing attention being given to GHG emissions arising from burning fossil fuels for global aviation and marine transport, together with the excellent safety record of nuclear power in the marine environment and the development of the new generation of SMRs, it is quite conceivable that renewed attention will be given to the application of nuclear power in merchant ship propulsion. In producing this paper, the authors have made a significant contribution in the field of innovative ship design development. They have demonstrated the feasibility of applying the latest generation of nuclear reactor to commercial ship propulsion. Whereas nuclear power has been widely used in vessels of a number of navies and icebreakers, it has yet to be adopted for commercial ships other than a small number of research projects. This paper has provided good rationale for accommodating nuclear power in merchant shipping including speed and range requirements, required specific volume on board, environmental considerations etc. The study has also considered the risks associated with design and the arrangement of nuclear systems including location of the SMR, type of propulsion options and other safety- critical issues, not least the radiological risk to persons on board, involved in maintenance and in port.

COUPLED RANSE AND LIFTING LINE THEORY FOR ESTIMATION OF SHIP PROPULSION FACTORS

Advances in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) techniques through the development of the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes Equations (RANSE) have assisted in estimation of resistance and propulsion characteristics of ships to a reasonable level of accuracy. The aim of this paper is to test and demonstrate the capabilities of the coupled RANSE and Lifting Line theory for undertaking ship resistance, propeller open-water and self-propulsion simulations. Further, parametric studies for generation of numerical propeller design sheets and optimisation of propulsive efficiency using the coupled simulation approach has been discussed. Commercial CFD solver “M/s Flowtech - Shipflow” has been used for the study. Initially, some benchmark experimental/numerical model results are validated with the results of the CFD simulations and then, further parametric analyses have been undertaken with the KRISO Container Ship and the KP505 Propeller. The numerical propeller series and the preliminary study methodology for optimization of location of propeller disc behind the ship’s hull are being proposed as an effective concept/feasibility design stage tool for estimation of ship propulsion characteristics.

Incrementally accumulated holographic SDP characteristic fusion method in ship propulsion shafting bearing fault diagnosis

To improve the accuracy of fault diagnosis of ship propulsion shaft bearing in a harsh working environment, a visual diagnosis method based on incrementally accumulated holographic symmetrical dot pattern (SDP) characteristic fusion method is proposed in this research. The current study simultaneously extracts the time- and frequency-domain characteristic parameters of vibration signal based on the incremental accumulation method to avoid inconspicuous difference and small discrimination generated by a single parameter. Subsequently, the extracted characteristic signals are transformed into a 2D image based on the SDP method to enhance the differences between signals. Eventually, bearing fault is diagnosed based on the similarity recognition method. Simulation and engineering experiments were conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively diagnose the ship propulsion shaft bearing fault diagnosis.

Calculation of the Sankey diagram for ship propulsion plants using online simulators

In recent years, the shipbuilding industry has been incorporating different technological innovations that adapt innovative techniques such as image correlation for 3D reconstruction, reduced order modeling methods for digital twins, pixel amplification techniques to measure vibrations, among other methodologies. The advancement of these methodologies help to obtain visual resources that allow a better understanding of a given phenomenon, which complements the results found numerically, analytically or experimentally. The present study collects data from different configurations of ship propulsion plants, which are based on real operating conditions. The operating conditions are given for fishing vessels; the "navigation" condition is selected as being the most frequent and the "fishing operation" as being the most energetically critical. These conditions are attached to the choice of the ship's propeller. For the propeller, the diameter, the number of blades and the length of the drive shaft from the main engine position to the propeller are considered. Three engine power levels (low, medium and high) are selected, represented by 300, 850 and 1300 HP engines. The aforementioned operating conditions are used to calculate the efficiency of the propulsion plant, obtaining several combinations. Furthermore, these configurations are expressed by means of Sankey diagrams and illustrations of the plant configurations in 3D using WebGL and Threejs libraries. Complementarily, these data are observed in an online simulator called "ShipSim", using "html" coding.