Penerapan Atraumatic Care dengan Kecemasan Anak Pra-Sekolah Saat Proses Hospitalisasi

Pendahuluan: Hospitalisasi merupakan suatu keadaan krisis pada anak, saat anak sakit dan dirawat di rumah sakit. Sakit dan dirawat di rumah sakit merupakan pengalaman yang tidak menyenangkan dan sebagian besar proses keperawatan menjadikan anak takut bahkan trauma. Pelayanan Atraumatic care merupakan suatu pelayanan perawatan terapeutik dalam tatanan pelayanan kesehatan anak melalui penggunaan tindakan yang mengurangi distres fisik maupun distres psikologis yang dialami anak maupun orang tua. Penerapan atraumatic care dengan audiovisual yaitu memberikan video kartun, terapi ini sangat efektif mengurangi kecemasan pada anak yang mengalami hospitalisasi. Tujuan menurunkan angka kecemasan akibat hospitalisasi dengan Atraumatic care. Metode penelitian yaitu quasi eksprimen dengan rancangan pre and posttest control group. Analisa data menggunakan uji wilcoxon dan untuk menguji perbedaan dua kelompok menggunakan uji independent test atau Mann Whitney test. Sampel 56 anak prasekolah. Hasil: Ada perbedaan kecemasan anak prasekolah saat hospitalisasi pada kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol (p value 0,001). Kesimpulan ada pengaruh penerapan atraumatik audio-visual pada kecemasan anak prasekolah. Saran sebaiknya menerapkan atraumatic care audio visual untuk mengurangi kecemasan anak pra-sekolah.

THE EFFECT OF VIRTUAL LEARNING THROUGH ONLINE LEARNING SYSTEM (SPADA) ON STUDENTS' LEARNING OUTCOMES IN ALGEBRAIC STRUCTURE COURSE IN DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS EDUCATION, MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF MAKASSAR

This study aims to determine the effect of treatment on student learning outcomes in the algebraic structure course at the Department of Mathematics Education of the University of Muhammadiyah Makassar in virtual learning through the online learning system (SPADA). This study is a quasi-experimental design with a post-test-only control group whose results were analyzed using descriptive analysis and inferential analysis (mann whitney test). The population is the class of 2019 who is programming an algebraic structure course consisting of 3 classes, then a sample consisting of 2 classes was selected, namely, one experimental class taught through SPADA, and one control class taught in addition to using SPADA, namely, zoom meeting, google meet, email, and whatsApp groups. The instrument used is a test of student learning outcomes. The results obtained are that the average learning outcomes of students who are taught through SPADA are higher than the average learning outcomes of students who are taught other than through SPADA, but the results of the Mann Whitney test show that there is no significant difference from the learning outcomes of students who have been taught through SPADA or other than SPADA. Researchers suggest that providing virtual learning not only relies on one learning media but also on the synergy between one media and another, which will further optimize virtual learning.

Etnomatematika : Persamaan Garis Lurus dengan Media Geogebra

The development of GeoGebra media is a technology contribution to the education's world, especially mathematics. The use of GeoGebra media and its association with egrang game aim to instill the concept of parallelism, perpendicularity, crossing, and slope of the line. This study aims to see how the students mathematics understanding ability is and whether the enhancement of it by using Geogebra media is better than ordinary learning. The samples were students in grade VIII at SMPN 1 Cibinong in 2019/2020. The number of samples is 60 students. This research is a quasi-experimental research design with a non–equivalent control group. The instrument was a test (pretest and posttest) to see the n gain of understanding ability. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test. The results are students mathematics understanding ability with Geogebra is not better than without Geogebra and the enhancement of it by using Geogebra media is better than without Geogebra media at SMPN 1 Cibinong in 2019/2020. Keywords: GeoGebra Media, Ethnomathematics, Understanding Ability

Tuberculosis Prevalence Correlation to COVID-19 Mortality in Malaria Free Countries

Background: Both malaria and latent tuberculosis ( LTB) are possible factors related to decreased COVID-19 mortality. The malaria endemicity variable is a possible confounder when conducting a study on the correlation of LTB prevalence to COVID-19 mortality. Studies regarding LTB prevalence" according to different studies" did not adjust malaria endemicity as a possible confounder. Many malaria-endemic countries are high TB prevalent. Malaria-free countries could be: high, moderate, or low in TB prevalence. The main aim of this study is to look for the influence of TB prevalence on COVID-19 mortality. TB prevalence reflects LTB prevalence in the absence of malaria endemicity as a possible confounding factor in TB studies. Material and methods: The total chosen countries were 69 non-malaria endemic countries. Countries were classified according to TB prevalence groups into low, moderate, and high prevalent groups. Covid-19 deaths/Million(M) inhabitants were taken as reported on September 2, 2020. "Kendall's-τ Correlation Coefficient", "Kruskal-Wallis test, and Mann-Whitney test were used in statistical analyses.Results: We found inverse relationships between TB prevalence and COVID-19 deaths/ (M) inhabitants and a highly positive significant correlation coefficient was reported (0.008) in Kendall's-τ correlation coefficient test. Kruskal-Wallis test showed a significant relationship within studied groups. Furthermore, the low TB prevalent group had significant reverse associations with both high and moderate TB prevalent groups in the Mann-Whitney test.Conclusion: In the absence of possible malaria confounding, TB prevalence in malaria-free countries is inversely related to COVID-19 mortality in a highly significant association.

Tingkat Kualitas Tidur Pelajar Selama Pembelajaran Daring

Pandemi COVID-19 tengah merebak di penjuru dunia, termasuk juga di Indonesia. Pemerintah terus berupaya untuk meminimalisir penyebaran dari virus ini, salah satunya dengan kebijakan pembelajaran daring untuk pelajar. Kebijakan ini menjadi kebiasaan baru di kalangan pelajar dan menuntut pelajar untuk mampu beradaptasi. Kebiasaan baru pelajar untuk melakukan pembelajaran secara daring merubah kebiasaan tidur dan mempengaruhi kualitas tidur pelajar. Kualitas tidur akan berdampak terhadap performansi pelajar pada bidang akademik. Kualitas tidur yang buruk menyebabkan sulit untuk berkonsentrasi, menjadi lebih emosional, dan menurunkan tingkat produktivitas. Sampel penelitian terdiri atas 200 pelajar siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas dan Mahasiswa Strata 1 yang melakukan pembelajaran daring yang berdomisili di beberapa daerah di Jawa Timur. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Pengukuran kualitas tidur menggunakan kuesioner Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) dalam Bahasa Indonesia, dan disebarkan secara daring dalam bentuk Google form. Pengolahan data menggunakan statistik deskriptif dengan tabulasi silang dan statistik non-parametrik dengan uji beda Mann-Whitney Test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 72,5% responden memiliki kualitas tidur buruk. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa kualitas tidur tidak dipengaruhi oleh jenjang pendidikan dan durasi penggunaan gadget, namun dipengaruhi oleh jenis kelamin dan durasi tidur pada malam hari.

The Mortality of Older Adult Inpatients with Kidney Cancer during the Pandemic: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Background Elderly patients are a vulnerable group during the Covid-19 pandemic, especially those with cancer. Our study aims to identify how Covid-19 impacts elderly inpatients with kidney cancer and determine risk factors associated with increased mortality. Methods Our retrospective cohort study utilized the PUDF dataset and included inpatients over 60-year-old, diagnosed with kidney cancer, and hospitalized within 30-day. Person’s Chi-Square was used to measure the differences between survivors and non-survivors, and the Mann-Whitney test was for non-normality distribution for continuous variables. Then, a binary logistic regression was employed to identify the association between independent variables and mortality. Results Five hundred and twenty-two patients were included in the study, of which 7 (1.4%) died during hospitalization. According to the univariate analysis and Mann-Whitney test, expired patients were more likely to experience older age (p = 0.005), longer length of stay (p = 0.009), ICU (p = 0.012), HMO Medicare Risk (p = 0.005), Covid-19 (p < 0.001), paralysis (p < 0.001), and higher illness severity (p < 0.001). The binary logistic regression revealed that older age (OR = 1.120, 95% CI: 1.004-1.249, p = 0.042) and the SOI (OR = 4.635, 95% CI: 1.339-16.052, p = 0.016) had significantly high odds of mortality. Conclusion The retrospective cohort study reveals that although Covid-19 was not a predictive factor associated with increased mortality, there was a statistically significant difference between the survivor and non-survivor groups. Further studies need to assess its association with kidney cancer or other various types of cancer.

Effect of Clinical Skills Evaluation by Direct Observation of Procedural Skills (DOPS) Method on Clinical Performance of Operating Room Students

Background: Evaluation is an essential and integral part of medical education. Based on the evidence, the current common methods are less effective due to the lack of accurate assessment of students' clinical skills. Clinical evaluation of students in the form of direct observation in practical situations will increase their ability to deal with clinical events in specific patient situations. Objectives: In this study, the effectiveness of the direct observation of procedural skills (DOPS) method was compared with the common method in the clinical performance of operating room students. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed on 30 final-year operating room students in 2019 who had an internship course. Students were randomly assigned to two groups of control (n = 15) and intervention (n = 15). The evaluation of clinical skills was done by the traditional method in the control group and the DOPS method in the intervention group. Data collection was performed by a researcher-made checklist whose validity and reliability were confirmed. Statistical analysis of data was performed by SPSS-20 software using descriptive statistics and chi-square test, independent t-test, and Mann-Whitney test. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of demographic characteristics including age, internship score, and gender (P > 0.05). Based on the results of the Mann-Whitney test, the mean rank of procedural techniques and clinical performance score was higher in the intervention group than in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The DOPS method can be more effective than routine methods for improving the clinical performance of operating room students. Therefore, it is suggested that the DOPS method be used as an alternative to traditional methods or even as a complementary method for evaluating the clinical performance of operating room students.

Benefit Segmentation in Seaside Destination: A Domestic Tourism Perspective

The primary purpose of this study is to examine the benefits sought by domestic tourists and activities they’re involved in while in Kuala Terengganu. A self-administered survey was obtained from a sample of 382 domestic tourists that visited the state. Cluster analysis, the Kruskal-Wallis Test, and Mann-Whitney Test were employed to examine the benefit segment variables. Results from the cluster analysis show that there are significant differences among the clusters based on visitors’ demographics in the activities that they join in Kuala Terengganu. In the meantime, Kruskal-Wallis Test and Mann-Whitney Test also show significant differences between six pairs of clusters regarding activities in the visitors’ demographics. The results can be used to assist state planners and tourism entrepreneurs determine suitable marketing mix strategies that enhance the Kuala Terengganu attractions and ensure their sustainability for receiving new and repeat tourists. The understanding of benefit segmentation will be able to help the state or marketers in identifying the character of an undecided group of domestic tourists who are not into the main tourism products.

A Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney Test for Latent Variables

We propose an extension of the Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test to compare two groups when the outcome variable is latent. We empirically demonstrate that the test can have superior power properties relative to tests based on Structural Equation Modeling for a variety of settings. In addition, several other advantages of the Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test are retained such as robustness to outliers and good small sample performance. We demonstrate the proposed methodology on a case study.

Perbedaan Pengaruh Sevofluran dan Propofol Terhadap Kadar IL-6 dan Jumlah Neutrofil pada Operasi Kraniotomi

Latar Belakang: Imunitas bawaan adalah lini pertahanan pertama dan mengacu pada mekanisme perlindungan yang ada bahkan sebelum adanya luka / infeksi. Komponen yang dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui perubahan imunitas antara lain sitokin (IL-6) dan neutrofil. Anestesi umum dapat diberikan dengan menggunakan anestesi inhalasi, obat intravena, atau sebagian besar sering kombinasi keduanya. Semua bentuk obat anestesi ini dapat mempengaruhi sistem kekebalan tubuh dan memberikan efek pada imunitas bawaan.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan pengaruh sevofluran dan propofol terhadap sistem imun dinilai dari kadar IL-6 dan neutrofil pada operasi bedah saraf.Metode: Dilakukan penelitian eksperimental terhadap 34 subjek (17 subjek kelompok sevofluran dan 17 subjek kelompok propofol) yang menjalani operasi kraniotomi yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Kelompok I (17 subjek) menggunakan sevofluran 1 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) dan kelompok II (17 subjek) menggunakan propofol maintenance infusion 100 μg/kg/menit. Dilakukan pengambilan sampel darah untuk pemeriksaan kadar IL-6 dan neutrofil saat sebelum operasi dan 2 jam setelah insisi operasi. Data dianalisa secara statistik menggunakan Wilcoxon dan Mann-Whitney test, dianggap bermakna bila p < 0,05.Hasil: Pada penelitian ini didapatkan penurunan kadar neutrofil pada kelompok sevofluran sebesar 0,02 ± 7,54 % dibanding kadar awal (berbeda tidak bermakna p= 0,205) sedangkan pada kelompok propofol didapatkan peningkatan kadar neutrofil sebesar 5,07 ± 7,01% dibanding kadar awal (berbeda bermakna p=0,002). Pada perbandingan selisih kedua kelompok didapatkan perbedaan kadar neutrofil yang bermakna (p=0,003). Kadar IL-6 pada kelompok sevofluran didapatkan peningkatan sebesar 4,86 ± 6,87 pg/ml dibanding kadar awal (berbeda bermakna p=0,017) dan pada kelompok propofol juga didapatkan peningkatan sebesar 15,87 ± 16,12 pg/ml dibanding kadar awal (berbeda bermakna p=<0,001). Pada perbandingan selisih kedua kelompok didapatkan perbedaan kadar IL-6 yang bermakna (p=0,009).Kesimpulan: Sevofluran lebih menurunkan kadar IL-6 dan jumlah neutrofil dibandingkan dengan propofol pada operasi kraniotomi.