Impact of wellness swimming technique on women 40–50 years old with cardiovascular pathology

Currently, traditional and non-traditional means are widely used in recreational swimming. Traditional means of recreational swimming include all methods of sports and applied swimming. Unconventional forms of swimming classes include hydroaerobics (aquaerobics), hydroshaping, hydroprophylaxis, etc. Functional tasks (general strengthening effect, improvement of respiratory and circulatory function, strengthening of certain muscle groups, posture correction, etc.) determine the choice of swimming style or individual elements from the swimming style for recreational classes. In some cases, it is advisable to depart from the principles of sports swimming and combine different styles, for example, hands work as a breaststroke, and legs work as a front crowl. Combinations of movements from different swimming styles are easier for many people to coordinate, so they absorb them faster and easier in wellness swimming. Occupation of wellness swimming is recommended both for people who have deviations in their state of health, and simply for those who want to strengthen body and increase its functionality. A gradual increase in the load with a reasonable dosage of swimming exercises both on land and in water characterizes occupations of this type of swimming. Groups for classes are formed taking into account the age, gender, form and degree of disease, different levels of swimming fitness of those involved.

Evaluation of Cognitive Performance following Fish-Oil and Curcumin Supplementation in Middle-Aged and Older Adults with Overweight or Obesity

ABSTRACT Background Obesity accelerates age-related cognitive decline, which is partly mediated by vascular dysfunction. Objective The aim was to test the hypothesis that supplementation with fish oil and curcumin can enhance cognitive performance by improving cerebral circulatory function in overweight or obese middle-aged to older adults. Methods In a 16-wk double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention trial, adults [50–80 y; BMI (kg/m2): 25–40] were randomly assigned to either fish oil (2000 mg/d DHA + 400 mg/d EPA), curcumin (160 mg/d), or a combination. Effects on cerebrovascular function (primary outcome) and cardiovascular risk factors were reported previously. Effects on cognitive performance and cerebrovascular responsiveness (CVR) to cognitive stimuli are reported herein. One-factor ANOVA with post hoc analyses was conducted between groups in the whole cohort and in males and females separately. Two-factor ANOVA was conducted to assess independent effects of fish oil and curcumin and a potential interaction. Correlations between outcomes (those obtained herein and previously reported) were also examined. Results Compared with placebo, fish oil improved CVR to a processing speed test (4.4% ± 1.9% vs. −2.2% ± 2.1%; P = 0.023) and processing speed in males only (Z-score: 0.6 ± 0.2 vs. 0.1 ± 0.2; P = 0.043). Changes in processing speed correlated inversely with changes in blood pressure (R = −0.243, P = 0.006) and C-reactive protein (R = −0.183, P = 0.046). Curcumin improved CVR in a working memory test (3.6% ± 1.2% vs. −0.2% ± 0.2%, P = 0.026) and, in males only, performance of a verbal memory test compared with placebo (Z-score: 0.2 ± 0.1 vs. −0.5 ± 0.2, P = 0.039). Combining fish oil with curcumin did not produce additional benefits. Conclusions Improvements in processing speed following fish-oil supplementation in middle-aged to older males might be mediated by improvements in circulatory function. Mechanisms underlying the cognitive benefit seen with curcumin are unknown. As cognitive benefits were found in males only, further evaluation of sex differences in responsiveness to supplementation is warranted. This trial was registered at the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trial Register at https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=370788 as ACTRN12616000732482p.