Denture marking as a forensic tool- Case series

Forensic odontology is the branch that comes under forensic science which deals with proper handling, examination and evaluation of dental evidences. This manuscript describes various techniques that can be adopted for denture identification. The labeling method followed here is inclusion method where photographic sheet was used to mark dentures as this sheet is solvent resistant. The area selected for denture marking is palatal area on maxillary denture and distolingual flange of mandibular area as these areas have sufficient space for inclusion of details and there are not esthetically compromising areas. By this method denture labeling could be done in existing prosthetic devices or could be incorporated in newly constructed prosthesis. The American Board of Forensic Odontology guidelines indicate that most dental identifications are based on restorations, caries, missing teeth and/or prosthetic devices.

Financial Technology in Financial Inclusions and its Implications on Poverty from Indonesia

The goal is to reduce poverty, the method used is a literature study to see the effect of using Financial Technology (Fintech) on financial inclusion, method to see the effect of financial inclusion on poverty. From the results of the tests, the use of Fintech can increase financial inclusion, thereby encouraging poverty alleviation. It can be seen that the Financial Inclusion variable has a significant and negative effect on the poverty variable. This shows that countries that have high levels of financial inclusion are generally estimated to have low poverty rates. Increasing a country's financial inclusion can reduce poverty.

Multiple ellipsoidal/elliptical inhomogeneities embedded in infinite matrix by equivalent inhomogeneous inclusion method

Traditional equivalent inclusion method provides unreliable predictions of the stress concentrations of two spherical inhomogeneities with small separation distance. This paper determines the stress and strain fields of multiple ellipsoidal/elliptical inhomogeneities by equivalent inhomogeneous inclusion method. Equivalent inhomogeneous inclusion method is an inverse of equivalent inclusion method and substitutes the subdomains of matrix with known strains by equivalent inhomogeneous inclusions. The stress and strain fields of multiple inhomogeneities are decomposed into the superposition of matrix under applied load and each solitary inhomogeneous inclusion with polynomial eigenstrains by the iteration of equivalent inhomogeneous inclusion method. Multiple circular and spherical inhomogeneities are respectively used as examples and examined by the finite element method. The stress concentrations of multiple inhomogeneities with small separation distances are well predicted by equivalent inhomogeneous inclusion method and the accuracies improve with the increase of eigenstrain orders. Equivalent inhomogeneous inclusion method gives more accurate stress predictions than equivalent inclusion method in the problem of two spherical inhomogeneities.

Numerical methods for solving the equivalent inclusion equation in semi-analytical models

Equivalent inclusion method is the basis for semi-analytical models in tackling inhomogeneity problems. Equivalent eigenstrains are obtained by solving the consistency equation system of the equivalent inclusion method and then stress disturbances caused by inhomogeneities are determined. The equivalent inclusion method equation system can only be solved numerically, but the current fixed-point iteration method may not be able to achieve deep convergence when the Young's modulus of inhomogeneity is lower than that of the matrix material. The most significant innovation of this paper is to reveal the non-convergence mechanism of the current method. Considering the limitation, the Jacobian-free Newton Krylov algorithm is selected to solve the equivalent inclusion method equation. Results indicate that the new algorithm has significant advantages of computing accuracy and efficiency compared with the classic method.