Construction and Analysis of Plastic Extruder Machine for Polyethylene Plastic Waste

Polyethylene plastic waste is such hazard object in the world, while the benefits of this plastic rubbish are prodigious. An extruder machine is one of the great ways to reduce huge amounts of plastic waste not only to the manufacturing companies which recycle the plastic waste but also to the small society. This extruder machine was created to overcome the problems faced by all countries about plastic waste in land or in ocean. The results of extruded plastic waste were solid filament that can be utilized for some valuable stuff made by plastic. From this study, experimental test was applied by heating the plastic waste with different temperatures of 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 210, 220, and 230°C. As a result, the best temperature to heat the polyethylene plastic waste is 190°C according to surface roughness test and digital caliper measurement.

372 Dam body condition during lactation influences piglet growth and maturation pre-finishing

We previously reported, piglets reared by fat sows, weighed less during lactation, but were heavier by 45 d of age in comparison to piglets reared by thin or moderate sows. The objective of the current study was to evaluate weight and body condition during pre-finishing and age at puberty of gilts in relation to body condition of their dams at weaning. Eight weekly farrowing seasons (parities 1–4, n = 157 litters) were used to evaluate sow body condition (weaning) and piglet growth. Sows were categorized as thin, moderate, or fat by last rib caliper measurement at weaning. Individual pig weights were recorded at approximately 100 and 145 d of age. Additionally at 145 d of age, 10th rib backfat and loin eye were measured on a subset (n = 567) of pigs and first estrus was monitored in gilts reserved for breeding selection (n = 176). Pigs reared by fat sows tended (P < 0.10) to be heavier at 145 d of age (90.6 ± 0.75 kg) when compared to pigs reared by thin or moderate sows (89.0 ± 1.48 kg and 88.5 ± 0.82 kg, respectively). Tenth rib backfat during finishing was not different in pigs reared by fat or thin sows (10.0 ± 0.09 mm and 9.8 ± 0.27 mm, respectively); and tended (P < 0.10) to be less in pigs reared by moderate sows (9.7 ± 0.09 mm) than in pigs from fat sows. Tenth rib loin eye area was similar. Gilts developed in litters from thin sows tended (P < 0.10) to have an early age at puberty in contrast to gilts from moderate or fat sows (182.5 ± 3.82 d vs 189.7 ± 2.49 d and 192.2 ± 1.94 d, respectively). Body condition of sows at weaning did not adversely affect pre-finishing pig growth, however pubertal development was improved in gilts from thin sows.

PSI-16 Sow parity structure and body condition measurements throughout lactation and relationship to piglet growth

Energy demands during lactation can greatly influence sow body condition and piglet performance. Therfore, it was hypothesized that primiparous sows would have reduced sow body condition measurements and piglet growth. Eight weekly farrowing seasons (N=157 dams) were used to evaluate sow body condition (Post Farrowing; PF to Weaning; WN) and piglet growth. Final number of white composite sows within parity were as follows: Parity 1(P1), 62; P2, 50; P3, 30; and P4, 15. Body condition was measured at PF and WN using sow calipers (last rib and hip) and 10th rib ultrasound. Sows were categorized as thin, moderate, or fat by caliper. Piglets were weighed at Day 0 PF (D0), D10, WN, and D45. All data were analyzed using mixed models and reported as LSM ± SE. Fat sows at WN (last rib or hip) had the lightest (P < 0.05; Table 1) piglets at D10 and WN. However at D45, piglets from fat sows were heavier than piglets from moderate and thin sows(P < 0.05; Table 1). At WN, piglets from P1 sows weighed the least (P < 0.05; Table 1). Parity 4 sows had greater hip caliper measurement compared to P1 sows(P < 0.05; 15.5 ± 0.389 vs 13.92 ± 0.215). Sows had similiar (P > 0.10) PF last rib caliper measurements but at WN, P1 sows had the smallest caliper measurements compared to other parities (P < 0.05). Paraties 1, 2, and 3 sows had similiar (P > 0.10) loin eye area at PF; however, at WN P1 sows had the smallest loin eye area (P < 0.05; 38.2 ± 0.63 cm2). Parity 1 sows had the greatest (P < 0.05) reduction of backfat and loin eye area over the lactation period (-2.9 ± 0.31 mm and -2.6 ± 0.49 cm2, respectively). In conclusion, fat sows, had similar or smaller piglets throughout lactation, but by D45 piglet weights surpassed moderate and thin caliper groups.

355 Effect of shelf setting of a wet/dry feeder on growth performance of finishing pigs

Recent advancements in wet/dry shelf feeders have caused them to become more popular in swine finishing barns. Pigs consume feed faster from wet/dry feeders compared with dry feeders, so manufacturers recommend higher stocking density than dry feeders. However, there are little data published indicating optimal feeder shelf settings for wet/dry feeders. The objective of this study was to evaluate two shelf settings for wet/dry feeders in a commercial setting. Pigs (n = 1200) were blocked by initial BW and pens were assigned within block to one of two shelf settings: 60% or 85% open. Openings for each feeder were determined by caliper measurement. Each pen (n = 20/treatment) was stocked with 30 pigs, providing 2.54 cm of linear feeder space (15 pigs per 38.1 cm feeder hole) and 0.637 m2 of floor space per pig. Mash feed (primarily corn-soybean meal-DDGS) delivery was recorded daily using Big Dutchmen Feed Exact Pro, and pigs were weighed biweekly throughout the 84 d trial. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS with pen considered the experimental unit. Initial pig BW was similar (17.5 vs 17.4 kg; SE=0.1) for 85% and 60% treatments, respectively. Feeder shelves that were 85% open allowed pigs to have greater (P < 0.01) ADG (1.06 vs. 1.02 kg/d; SE=0.01), ADFI (2.63 vs. 2.48; SE=0.01) and were heavier at d 84 (107.1 vs 103.3 kg; SE=0.4) compared with feeder shelf openings of 60%. However, feeders that were 60% open supported better G:F (0.412 vs 0.404; P < 0.01; SE=0.001) compared with the 85% openings, respectively. No behavioral vices were observed in this study. These data suggest shelf settings for wet/dry feeders that are 85% open support faster but less efficient growth than shelf settings of 60%.

DETERMINATION OF PRODUCTION WELL'S COLLECTORS POROSITY IN SOUTH-GEOLOGICAL AREA

The problems of collectors at the stage of calculating the reserves in operating incline directional wells, penetrated on clay, polymer-clay solution, polymer washing liquid with hydrochloric-calcium foundation were considered. The electrical resistivity of the solution and the washing liquid from 0.1 to 1 O·mm. According to geophysical methods, establishing of the criteria for the allocation of the collectors requires coring. The main methods for the isolation of collectors are lateral, microlaterolog survey and caliper measurement. The techniques of the gas-saturated collectors porosity coefficient determination were considered.

ABOUT USING THE GEOPHYSICAL STUDY METHODS TO PREVENT DRILLING PROBLEMS

The methods of geophysical survey used for prevention of complications in terms of stability of well borehole when drilling are considered. It is shown that application of the borehole survey complex, including section gage logging, borehole acoustic TV (BAT), caliper measurement will enable to draw a conclusion about the direction, the size of changes of tension in rocks to identify the unstable intervals

Caliper measurement to improve assessment of neck lumps: comment 1

Although this comment was published originally in the September 2012 issue of the Annals, we omitted to publish the author’s response alongside it. We include Mr Wasson’s response below and apologise for any inconvenience caused.