Clinical - Psychological and Psychotherapeutic Intervention

The purpose of this work was to general familiarize psychiatrists with various aspects and directions of psychotherapeutic methods. It is common knowledge that most couple psychiatrists ignore the value of psychotherapy. This article indicates the importance of psychotherapy in the practice of psychiatrists. A good knowledge of psychotherapeutic methods is necessary for modern and high-quality provision of mental health care to the population.

Risk Handling Responsibilities in Tanzanian Project-Based Organisations

Risk handling is one of the elements and essential parts of risk management when properly incorporated into a project. However, there is inadequate knowledge amongst the contractual parties on risk handling responsibilities in road projects, particularly in Sub-Saharan African developing countries. This study is aimed at bridging that knowledge gap by investigating the perceptions of contractors and consultants on the risk handling responsibilities in road projects in Tanzania. The primary data were collected from 80 registered foreign and local civil contractors and engineering consultants based in Dar es Salaam. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used for the data analysis. The results show that both contractors and consultants ranked safety project provision and ensuring quality provision in terms of construction as shared risk responsibilities among contractual parties. The findings further show that consultant-related risk responsibilities are: safety provision, the use of historical cost deviation, ensuring quality provision, and review of knowledge on budgeting. On the other hand, contractor-related risk responsibilities include: safety provision and ensuring quality provision. The findings of this study can be used by the practitioners and stakeholders as important lessons useful for controlling risks and making decisions when they intend to participate in such projects during the construction stage.

The role of moral intelligence in promoting organizational agility during crisis situations with regard to the mediating role of service quality provision

Moral intelligence introduces a new authority tool to the organizations’ managers so that it can be used in the organizations to improve organizational agility and promote the quality of services in crisis situations. This study was applied in terms of its objectives, and a descriptive survey in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of the study consisted of the employees of the Red Crescent Organization in Hamadan province (N=200). According to Morgan’s Table, the sample size was estimated to be 132. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire. Content validity and confirmatory factor analysis were used to assess the validity, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated to estimate the reliability, and structural equation modeling was run in Smart PLS software to analyze the collected data. The results indicated that moral intelligence had a positive and significant effect on the improvement of organizational agility in the Red Crescent Organization of Hamedan province. Additionally, moral intelligence had a positive and significant impact on the service quality provision in the Red Crescent Organization of Hamedan province. Service quality provision also had a positive and significant effect on the promotion of organizational agility in Red Crescent Organization of Hamedan province.

Regulating Quality in the Water Sector: A Theoretical Perspective

Regulating quality is challenging because in public utilities such as water and sanitation, quality is multidimensional, is not always objectively measurable, and can be hard to verify, both ex ante and ex post. It is therefore useful to review the main insights from the New Economics of Regulation theoretical literature on quality provision to guide public policy. Focusing on formal utilities, this normative approach emphasizes the asymmetry of information between a regulator and the regulated companies. The analysis shows that when quality is verifiable, it can be included in a contract exactly like a quantity variable. Its provision, however, will be distorted as a result of regulated quantities also being distorted due to asymmetric information. When quality and quantity are complements, service quality ends up being lower because in the optimal regulatory contract, quantities are distorted downward for rent extraction. If quality is not verifiable but is observable by the users, the operator freely chooses its quality investment. It tends to underprovide quality when an improvement in quality raises the gross consumer surplus more than it increases the gross profit of sales because it does not take into account the nonmonetary benefit generated by its investment. It tends to overprovide quality otherwise. In order to correct these distortions, the regulator has to use a production allocation rule to simultaneously lower the informational rent and boost quality. The regulator has a single instrument to achieve the conflicting goals of rent extraction and quality provision. Quantities can be higher or lower than the first-best optimal levels depending on the correction needed to control quality. Finally, when quality is neither verifiable nor observable by consumers, as is typically the case with credence attributes such as those concerning process of production impacting security or pollution, the optimal level of quality investment from the firm’s perspective is zero. In this case, the easiest solution is often to impose a minimum standard and either rely on certification agencies to ensure that this minimum target is met or directly audit the quality investments made by the regulator. Finally, when improving the quality of water and sanitation services requires the creation of new infrastructure or institution, the high opportunity cost of public funds in developing countries raises the question of whether it is optimal to commit public funds for such investments. The analysis illuminates the trade-off between financing those investments with private funds and protecting consumer surplus.

On the market for “Lemons”: quality provision in markets with asymmetric information

Akerlof’s “Lemons” paper provides a seminal economic result suggesting that, in markets with asymmetric information where product quality is unobservable by consumers prior to purchase and use, the introduction of a low-quality product will drive its higher quality counterpart(s) out of the market. In this paper we identify some empirically relevant cases/conditions under which the introduction of a low-quality product does not drive its higher quality substitutes out of the market but, instead, ends-up coexisting with them.

COMPLIANCE OF HOTEL BUSINESS PROCESSES UNDER PANDEMIC CONDITIONS

Background. New challenges related to the global pandemic have led to the need to create new requirements for the implementation of activities that are projected to become a new standard of hotel services and a new criterion for the quality of services in the next few years. A posteriori scientific developments, institutional regulations and practical results are gradually being introduced into the business philosophy and gaining relevance. Therefore, they can be used as a priori probabilities to build a system of compliance control of business processes, which correlate with the maintenance of a sufficient level of hotel comfort and quality provision of additional hotel services. Analysis of recent researches and publications on this topic has revealed that the issue of building a system of compliance control of business processes is relevant in many areas of socio-economic life: public administration, business management in the world, but in Ukraine analytical developments in the hotel sector are not enough attention. The aim of the research is formalizing and substantiating the compliance of business processes in the hotels under pandemic conditions. Materials and methods. General economic methods such as comparison, theoretical generalization and grouping are used in the study. The methodology of statistical research and gap analysis were implemented to assess the components of business process comp­liance. The methods of analysis and synthesis were used to generalize analytical research and propose conclusions. Results. The elements of the system of compliance of business processes in the hotel business are analyzed; it is proved that the use of this system allows maintaining a suffi­cient level of hotel comfort and quality provision of additional hotel services. The financial gap is considered in terms of the minimum cost of providing anti-epidemic tools and procedures with financial sanctions (fines) imposed by local authorities. The expe­diency of using collaborative CRM in the field of compliance of hotel business processes is substantiated, which allows hotels to effectively optimize business processes and faci­litate the implementation of control. Conclusion. Today in Ukraine in the conditions of a pandemic there are new challenges that have caused the need to form new requirements for the implementation of activities, which are projected to become a new standard of hotel services and a new criterion for service quality in the next few years. Therefore, the construction of a system of compliance control of business processes, which correlate with the maintenance of a suffi­cient level of hotel comfort and quality provision of additional hotel services is by conducting activities in the field of hospitality. The approaches proposed in the article to the creation of a system of compliance of business processes in the hotel allow simplifying and making this system a flexible management tool capable of rapid responses to external threats, including pandemic and man-made disasters.

Pricing and Quality Provision in a Supply Relationship: A Model of Efficient Relational Contracts

This paper develops a model in which a supply relationship can sustain higher effort levels if firms use cross-subsidized pricing.

A Strategic Overview and Vision of Simulation-Based Education in Healthcare in England

Simulation-based education (SBE) is an important modality for training a competent and safe healthcare workforce. It is also an important component of core training and continuing professional development for healthcare workers in the National Health Service (NHS) of the United Kingdom. A comprehensive review of SBE provision, led by NHS Health Education England (HEE), discovered many areas of good practice, but also identified inequalities in the access to and delivery of simulation. A framework was developed to help improve the quality, provision, and access to SBE. Case studies are provided in this chapter showcasing the different types of simulation which contributed to the good practice, how they are used in healthcare education, and how they link to the SBE framework. The chapter sets out some of the current challenges with equitable and high-quality provision, detailing plans to further enhance the education and training of the healthcare workforce through SBE through the delivery of a framework, strategic overview, and vision to support these plans.