Fair Value Complexity and the Audit Risk

This paper checks if the auditors in an emergent context, where the fair value (FV) concept, its implementation and audit are relatively new, are aware of the estimation risk induced by the valuation process (the FV provider and FV disclosure), depending on the quality of internal control (IC). An experiment was applied to a group of auditors and master students, using two elements pertaining to FV reporting: “Valuation attributes and sensitivity of data”, respectively “Methods, assumptions and model”. This experiment revealed that: (1) FV audit risk is lower when the estimation is made by an external, instead of an internal valuator; (2) the master’s students, compared to more experienced professional auditors, manifest an overconfidence in the external Valuation Report in terms of valuation attributes, data availability and solutions adopted to test the sensitivity of value; (3) the audit risk is lower when the valuator is external and hence the auditors verify in detail the information provided in the Valuation Report as inputs and methods applied; (4) when IC is strong as quality, the verification of methods, assumptions and model induces for auditors a higher risk than the other FV disclosed component, valuation attributes and sensitivity of data, in the case of management estimation.

Assessment of electronic disease early warning system for improved disease surveillance and outbreak response in Yemen

Background Diseases Surveillance is a continuous process of data collection, analysis interpretation and dissemination of information for swift public health action. Recent advances in health informatics have led to the implementation of electronic tools to facilitate such critical disease surveillance processes. This study aimed to assess the performance of the national electronic Disease Early Warning System in Yemen (eDEWS) using system attributes: data quality, timeliness, stability, simplicity, predictive value positive, sensitivity, acceptability, flexibility, and representativeness, based on the Centres for Disease Control & Prevention (US CDC) standard indicators. Methods We performed a mixed methods study that occurred in two stages: first, the quantitative data was collected from weekly epidemiological bulletins from 2013 to 2017, all alerts of 2016, and annual eDEWS reports, and then the qualitative method using in-depth interviews was carried out in a convergent strategy. The CDC guideline used to describe the following system attributes: data quality (reporting, and completeness), timeliness, stability, simplicity, predictive value positive, sensitivity, acceptability, flexibility and representativeness. Results The finding of this assessment showed that eDEWS is a resilient and reliable system, and despite the conflict in Yemen, the system is still functioning and expanding. The response timeliness remains a challenge, since only 21% of all eDEWS alerts were verified within the first 24 h of detection in 2016. However, identified gaps did not affect the system’s ability to identify outbreaks in the current fragile situation. Findings show that eDEWS data is representative, since it covers the entire country. Although, eDEWS covers only 37% of all health facilities, this represents 83% of all functional health facilities in all 23 governorates and all 333 districts. Conclusion The quality and timeliness of responses are major challenges to eDEWS’ functionality, the eDEWS remains the only system that provides regular data on communicable diseases in Yemen. In particular, public health response timeliness needs improvement.

Developing and Validating a Scale for Multidimensional Attributes of Honeymoon Tourism

This study aims to identify and validate a scale for multidimensional attributes of honeymoon tourism. Although having a romantic experience is an important reason why newlywed couples go on a honeymoon, multidimensional attributes that affect honeymoon tourist experience have yet to be fully explored in the honeymoon tourism literature. This study offers an extended view of honeymoon tourism from the perspective of multidimensional attributes. Data were collected through a survey among international honeymoon tourists. A total of 565 usable samples were collected in Phuket, Thailand, via convenience sampling. Thereafter, refinement and validation of the measurement scale were conducted. Findings indicate that the multidimensional attributes are represented by a nine-factor structure. The findings are expected to extend and enrich the honeymoon tourism literature. Theoretical and managerial implications were also discussed.

PREFERENSI KONSUMEN TELUR PUYUH DI KOTA KENDARI

The preference of quail egg’s consumer could be determined by measuring the consumer choice. This preference could illustrate the attribute of quail egg that could be produced by producer and accepted by consumer. The aims of this study were to analyze the attitude and behavior of the customer in case of buying quail egg, analyze the level of self interest and satisfaction of the customer to the quail egg attribute, and analyze the customer preference on a variety of the quail egg attributes. Data collected in Kendari, South East Sulawesi and were analyzed using Fishbein Multiattribute Attitude analysis, IPA analysis (Importance Performance Analysis), and Conjoint Analysis. The result of Fishbein Multiattribute Attitude Analysis indicated that the 61,91% consumers were fond of quail egg. In average, the acceptabiity of the customer to the quail egg was ‘quite good’ and the behavior of the customer was consistent but they to re-buy the quail egg. While the result of IPA analysis (Importance Performance Analysis) showed that the most important and the most satisfine attribute of quail egg for customer was colourful attribute. The result of Conjoint Analysis revealed that the preference of the quail egg customer in Kendari City was the quail egg with low price, seasonal availability, less than 10 gram in weight, colourful and unpacking. Keywords: quail egg; Fishbein; IPA; Conjoint analysis