A Frequency-Programmable Miniaturized Radio Frequency Transmitter for Animal Tracking

In animal tracking applications, smaller transmitters can reduce the impact of the transmitter on the tagged animal and thus provide more accurate data about animal behavior. By combining a novel circuit design and a newly developed micro-battery, we developed frequency-programmable and more powerful radio frequency transmitters that are about 40% smaller and lighter in weight than the smallest commercial counterpart for animal monitoring at the time of development. The new radio frequency transmitter has a miniaturized form factor for studying small animals. Designs of two coding schemes were developed: one transmits unmodulated signals (weight: 152 mg; dimensions: Ø 2.95 mm × 11.22 mm), and the other transmits modulated signals (weight: 160 mg; dimensions: Ø 2.95 mm × 11.85 mm). To accommodate different transmitter life requirements, each design can be configured to transmit in high or low signal strength. Prototypes of these transmitters were evaluated in the laboratory and exhibited comparable or longer service life and higher signal strength compared to their smallest commercial counterparts.

Radio frequency transmitter based on a laser frequency comb

Since the days of Hertz, radio transmitters have evolved from rudimentary circuits emitting around 50 MHz to modern ubiquitous Wi-Fi devices operating at gigahertz radio bands. As wireless data traffic continues to increase, there is a need for new communication technologies capable of high-frequency operation for high-speed data transfer. Here, we give a proof of concept of a compact radio frequency transmitter based on a semiconductor laser frequency comb. In this laser, the beating among the coherent modes oscillating inside the cavity generates a radio frequency current, which couples to the electrodes of the device. We show that redesigning the top contact of the laser allows one to exploit the internal oscillatory current to drive a dipole antenna, which radiates into free space. In addition, direct modulation of the laser current permits encoding a signal in the radiated radio frequency carrier. Working in the opposite direction, the antenna can receive an external radio frequency signal, couple it to the active region, and injection lock the laser. These results pave the way for applications and functionality in optical frequency combs, such as wireless radio communication and wireless synchronization to a reference source.

Penerapan Modul RF 433 dalam Pengukuran Intensitas Cahaya Menggunakan Sensor LDR Berbasis Arduino

Abstrak - Intensitas Cahaya merupakan salah satu faktor penting dalam Pembangkit listrik tenaga surya. Dalam rangka mengetahui intensitas dari cahaya dalam suatu area maka di rancanglah sebuah sistem pengukuran intensitas cahaya berbasis Arduino Uno R3. Menggunakan sensor LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) dan di kirim melalui RF 433. Penelitian ini menghasilkan sebuah instrument komunikasi jarak jauh menggunakan radio frekuensi 433 MHz sebagai pengirim dan penerima intensitas cahaya yang dikendalikan oleh Arduino UNO. Sensor intensitas cahaya memanfaatkan LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) yang mengubah jarak intensitas cahaya menjadi tegangan. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan jarak terjauh telemetri yang dapat dijangkau adalah 21 meter. Sedangkan dengan ditambahkan penghalang berupa dinding, didapatkan jarak terjauh telemetri yang dapat dijangkau adalah 12,4 meter.Kata Kunci: Radio Frekuensi 433,Arduino UNO, LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) , Telemetri.Abstract - Light intensity is one of the important factors in the solar power plant. In order to determine the intensity of light in an area then design a system of measurement of light intensity based on the Arduino Uno R3. Using the sensor LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) and sent via RF 433. The study produced a communication instrument remotely using radio frequency transmitter and receiver 433 as the light intensity is controlled by Arduino UNO. Light intensity sensor utilizing LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) that converts light intensity to a voltage range. The Result of this research that the furthest distance of telemetry that can be reached is 21 meters. By adding obstacle of walls, obtained furthest distance of telemetry that can be reached is 12.4 meters.Keywords: Telemetry, Temperature Sensor, Arduino, DHT11, Transmitter and Receiver, RF433MHz.

Energy Meter Monitoring with Automatic Tariff Calculation

Energy meter monitoring with automatic tariff calculation is a project that can produce the output from energy meter to prepare a bill of electricity. Energy meter is a device that measure the amount of electric energy consumed. In Malaysia, the meter of Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) travels for a long distance and take the reading manually to prepare the bill by visiting inside each of consumer house. This is high dependent on human forces. Sometimes the absence of consumer during billing process visiting make difficult to the meter reader to get the reader. Moreover many consumers are not satisfied with the estimate bills which are calculated based on average consumption. Soaring bill by estimate bills of electricity which consumer have to pay extra for the electricity billing. By using microcontroller and radio frequency transmitter for remote monitoring, the meter reader do not have to travel anymore. Global System for Mobile (GSM) uses to transmit and receive data from energy meter. The output which is calculated bill will be shown at Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) after apply the program coding in the microcontroller.