Three new genera and new species of hystrignathid nematodes (Nematoda: Thelastomatoidea) from passalid beetles (Insecta: Passalidae) from Yunnan Province, China with phylogenetic analysis of Hystrignathidae

Three new genera and three new species of hystrignathid nematodes were collected from the hindgut of passalid beetles in the Yunnan Province, China. Huntia morffei gen. n. et sp. n. from Ceracupes fronticornis (Westwood) differs from related genera in the shape of the stoma, in the cephalic structure, and in the lack of annulation in the cervical region. Parakongonema sinica gen. n. et sp. n. from Aceraius grandis (Burmeister) and C. fronticornis can be easily distinguished from related genera in having the oral opening surrounded by a cuticular ring, the ring being surrounded by a cuticular flap, in the shape of the oesophagus, and in the cephalic structure. Parahystrignathus tongbiguanensis gen. n. et sp. n. from C. fronticornis and A. grandis differs from related genera by having the cervical region armed with alternating rows of spines, with 16 spines in the first row, and by lacking the first cephalic annule. In addition, the 18S and 28S rDNA partial sequences of three new species were obtained. The phylogeny of Hystrignathidae was inferred using partial sequences of the 28S rDNA and revealed patterns that suggest that the shape of the parasite digestive tract may reflect the evolutionary relationships of hystrignathid nematodes.

Ankylosis of the Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Update and its treatment

In dentistry, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis is a rare pathology where no consensus of global population data has been found and therefore has presented a challenge for professionals, since there are no treatment sequence protocols standardized. The objective is to carry out a literature review and update of the diagnosis of ankylosis, considering its clinical characteristics, classification, etiology, and epidemiology. Giving special emphasis to the types of treatments used and concluding that GAP interpositional arthroplasty and TMJ reconstruction arthroplasty would be the best options to improve maximum oral opening in a patient with ankylosis, thus allowing him to recover function and aesthetics.

Analysis of the relationship of the vertical extension of mouth opening with muscle rigidity and sociodemographic factors in Parkinson's disease

Introduction Changes caused by the rigidity of Parkinson’s Disease (PD) can affect the mandibular musculature. However, few studies have been published about its impact on the oral opening. Objective To analyze the relationship of the vertical extension of the oral opening with muscular rigidity and sociodemographic factors of the elderly with PD. Material and method This is a cross-sectional, quantitative study that collected data from a primary study conducted at the Hospital das Clínicas of the Federal University of Pernambuco in 2018. Data were collected from medical records and from the questionnaire, Research Diagnostic Criterion for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD). The sample was composed of 81 parkinsonians and characterized using: sociodemographic variables and the presence or absence of muscular rigidity. The measures of vertical extension of the oral opening evaluated were: mouth opening without assistance and without pain (ABASD), and maximum mouth opening without assistance (AMBSA). The Pearson’s linear correlation and Spearman’s correlation tests were applied to investigate the relationship among the continuous variables. Analyses of association were conducted using simple logistic regression. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. Result Limitation of the oral opening was not related to age or sex. The greatest level of significance was between mouth opening without assistance and without pain and muscular rigidity (p=0.012), and years of schooling (p=0.038). Conclusion The limitation of mouth opening in people with PD was shown to be related to muscular rigidity and fewer years of schooling.

New and known species of the genus Campylaimus Cobb, 1920 (Nematoda: Araeolaimida: Diplopeltidae) from North European marine habitats

The genus Campylaimus is a broadly distributed but relatively uncommon genus of marine and brackish nematodes with 20 nominal species and one nomen nudum. Many species descriptions and redescriptions are based on very few (single) individuals, which limits our understanding of inter- and intra-specific variability and morphology-based species boundaries. Two new species were found in the Skagerrak off the west coast of Sweden. Campylaimus triclados sp. n. is characterised by body 0.59–0.69 mm long; cuticle without longitudinal striation; anteriormost edge of the amphid anterior to the oral opening; dorsal limb of the amphid equal to 1.6–2.5 labial region diameters in male, 1.9 labial region diameters in female; ventral limb of the amphid extends towards anterior part of the intestine in male and midpharynx in female, 4.3–5.5 times the length of the dorsal limb in male and 2.2–2.8 times the length of the dorsal limb in female; ventral limb of the amphid is as wide as the dorsal limb; interamphideal space extends further than the posterior end of the dorsal limb but not reaching the posterior end of the ventral limb; secretory-excretory pore opens posterior to the cardia; spicules 19–24 µm long; two precloacal supplements; tail equal to 4.3–5.6 anal body diameters in length, with conoid terminal part. Campylaimus longispiculus sp. n. is characterised by body 0.56–0.65 mm long; cuticle without longitudinal striation; anteriormost edge of the amphid anterior to the oral opening; dorsal limb of the amphid equal to 1.8–2.1 labial region diameters in male; ventral limb of the amphid extends towards anterior part of the intestine in male, 2.8–3.5 times the length of the dorsal limb in male; ventral limb of the amphid is as wide as the dorsal limb; interamphideal space absent; secretory-excretory pore opens posterior to the cardia; spicules 28–35 µm long; two precloacal supplements; tail equal to 4.9–5.3 anal body diameters in length, with clavate terminal part. In addition, following nine species are new records for the fauna of Sweden: Campylaimus amphidialis, C. inaequalis, C. lefeverei, C. minutus, C. orientalis, C. rimatus, C. siwaschensis, C. striatus and C. tkatchevi.

Description, molecular characterization and life cycle of Serpentirhabdias mussuranae n. sp. (Nematoda: Rhabdiasidae) from Clelia clelia (Reptilia: Colubroidea) in Brazil

Serpentirhabdias mussuranae n. sp. is described from the lungs of the mussurana, Clelia clelia (Daudin, 1803), from vicinities of Lábrea, Amazonas State, Brazil. The species is characterized by the triangular oral opening, the presence of teeth (onchia) in the oesophastome, the excretory glands longer than the oesophagus and the tail abruptly narrowing in its anterior half and gradually tapering in posterior half. Among the Neotropical representatives of the genus, three species are known to possess the onchia in the oesophastome: S. atroxi, S. moi and S. viperidicus. Serpentirhabdias mussuranae n. sp. differs from S. atroxi and S. viperidicus by its triangular shape of the oral opening and the oesophastome in apical view, vs. round in the latter two congeners. Additionally, S. viperidicus has a larger oesophastome, 13–22 micrometers wide and 13–23 micrometers deep. The new species has relatively longer excretory glands than S. moi. The new species is morphologically and genetically close to S. atroxi, S. moi and S. viperidicus, all parasitic in Brazilian snakes, based on the presence of onchia and the comparison of nucleotide sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA and mitochondrial cox1 gene (differences varied between 3.8% and 7.1%). Data on the life cycle of S. mussuranae n. sp. is provided, and the life cycle is typical of the genus Serpentirhabdias, with the combination of direct development and heterogony. Free-living larval stages and the adults of amphimictic free-living generation are described. The results of molecular phylogenetic analysis based on nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) + partial 28S region and partial mitochondrial cox1 gene are provided.

Prosthetic Rehabilitation on Edentulous Patients with Microstomia: About Three Cases

Limited oral opening is an acquired or congenital abnormal condition that compromises patient esthetics, nutrition, and quality of life. In addition, it may hinder conventional prosthetic procedures of edentulous patients, make it challenging, and present difficulties at all its stages. This clinical report presents different clinical treatment options suitable to be chosen by the prosthodontic carer in the case of reduced oral aperture.

Rhabdias bufonis(Rhabdiasidae) from the lung of the African common toad,Amietophrynus regularis(Bufonidae) in Egypt: new data on the basis of light and scanning electron microscopic study

Background and AimsRhabdiassp. (Rhabdiasidae) is a nematode parasite of family Rhabdiasidae infecting the lung of amphibians. The present study provides new morphological details forRhabdias bufonisisolated from the lungs of the African common toad,Amietophrynus regularisbased on observations of light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).MethodsForty specimens were collected from its natural habitat: the damp, moist fields and gardens at Giza governorate, Egypt. Worms were isolated from the lungs, fixed and then preserved. They were examined using light and SEM with further line drawings.ResultsFourteen specimens (35%) were found to harborRhabdiaswith an intensity of three to five worms per host. Bodies of the gravid females were elongated, slender, measured 3.22–9.86 (5.64 ± 0.03) long and 0.09–0.48 (0.23 ± 0.02) wide at mid-length. Buccal capsule was with cylindrical lumen and sclerotized walls. Ovaries were almost straight. The uteri were located anterior and posterior to the vulva. Uterus were filled with a large number of eggs (17–42). Eggs were oval in shape and some of them were with fully developed larvae inside. The tail was comparatively short, gradually tapered. SEM showed that worms possessed an oval anterior end with a simple, slit like oral opening. The lipless edges of the mouth opening were bordered with tiny cuticular elevations, radiated outwards. Two pairs of submedian cephalic papillae were observed around the oral opening as well as two amphids.ConclusionThe current study presents new morphological details forR. bufonisisolated from the African common toad. Also, the morphology of the slit-like mouth opening, the two pairs of cephalic papillae, two amphids and the three pairs of cuticular elevations supporting the area around mouth opening were investigated.

Rhabdias bufonis (Rhabdiasidae) from the lung of the African common toad, Amietophrynus regularis (Bufonidae) in Egypt. New data on the basis of light and scanning electron microscopic study

Background and Aims: Rhabdias bufonis (Rhabdiasidae) is a nematode parasite of family Rhabdiasidae infecting the lung of amphibians. The present study provides new morphological details for R. bufonis isolated from the lungs of the African common toad, Amietophrynus regularis based on observations of light and scanning electron microscopy. Methods: Forty specimens were collected during the period from March to August 2017 from its natural habitat; the damp, moist fields and gardens at Giza governorate, Egypt. Nematode worms were isolated from the lungs, fixed and then preserved. They were examined using light and scanning electron microscopy with further line drawings. Results: 14 specimens (35%) were found to harbor a large number of Rhabdias. Body of the gravid females were elongated, slender, measured 3.22–9.86 (5.64±0.03) long and 0.09–0.48 (0.23±0.02) mm wide at mid–length. Buccal capsule was with cylindrical lumen and sclerotised walls 13–31 (18 ± 2) long and 16–27 (24 ± 2) mm wide. Ovaries were almost straight. The uteri were located anterior and posterior to the vulva. Uterus filled with large number of eggs (17-42). Eggs were oval in shape, 0.120–0.132 (0.126±0.002) × 0.039–0.812 (0.517±0.02) mm and some of them were with fully developed larvae inside. The tail was comparatively short, gradually tapered, tail length 0.131–0.435 (0.320±0.02) mm long. SEM showed that worms possessed an oval anterior end with a simple, slit like oral opening. The lipless edges of mouth opening bordered with tiny cuticular elevations, radiated outwards. Two pairs of submedian cephalic papillae were observed around the oral opening as well as two amphids. Conclusion: The current study introduced new morphological details for R. bufonis isolated from the Egyptian frog, which was not reported in the previous studies, of them, the morphology of the slit–like mouth opening, the two pairs of cephalic papillae, two amphids and the three pairs of cuticular elevations supporting the area around mouth opening.

Rhabdias bufonis (Rhabdiasidae) from the lung of the African common toad, Amietophrynus regularis (Bufonidae) in Egypt. New data on the basis of light and scanning electron microscopic study

Background and Aims: Rhabdias bufonis (Rhabdiasidae) is a nematode parasite of family Rhabdiasidae infecting the lung of amphibians. The present study provides new morphological details for R. bufonis isolated from the lungs of the African common toad, Amietophrynus regularis based on observations of light and scanning electron microscopy. Methods: Forty specimens were collected during the period from March to August 2017 from its natural habitat; the damp, moist fields and gardens at Giza governorate, Egypt. Nematode worms were isolated from the lungs, fixed and then preserved. They were examined using light and scanning electron microscopy with further line drawings. Results: 14 specimens (35%) were found to harbor a large number of Rhabdias. Body of the gravid females were elongated, slender, measured 3.22–9.86 (5.64±0.03) long and 0.09–0.48 (0.23±0.02) mm wide at mid–length. Buccal capsule was with cylindrical lumen and sclerotised walls 13–31 (18 ± 2) long and 16–27 (24 ± 2) mm wide. Ovaries were almost straight. The uteri were located anterior and posterior to the vulva. Uterus filled with large number of eggs (17-42). Eggs were oval in shape, 0.120–0.132 (0.126±0.002) × 0.039–0.812 (0.517±0.02) mm and some of them were with fully developed larvae inside. The tail was comparatively short, gradually tapered, tail length 0.131–0.435 (0.320±0.02) mm long. SEM showed that worms possessed an oval anterior end with a simple, slit like oral opening. The lipless edges of mouth opening bordered with tiny cuticular elevations, radiated outwards. Two pairs of submedian cephalic papillae were observed around the oral opening as well as two amphids. Conclusion: The current study introduced new morphological details for R. bufonis isolated from the Egyptian frog, which was not reported in the previous studies, of them, the morphology of the slit–like mouth opening, the two pairs of cephalic papillae, two amphids and the three pairs of cuticular elevations supporting the area around mouth opening.

Radiographic Assessment of Anatomy of Nasopalatine Canal for Dental Implant Placement: A Cone Beam Computed Tomographic Study

ABSTRACT Aim The aim of this study is to assess the morphology of nasopalatine canal (NPC) with cone beam computed tomo-graphy (CBCT). Materials and methods A total of 460 subjects of both genders were subjected to CBCT with NewTom machine, and sagittal and coronal sections were used for evaluation of the shape of NPC and width of buccal cortical plate. Types of NPC were also assessed. Results Of 460 subjects, males were 210 and females were 250. The difference was nonsignificant (p = 0.1). Type III canals were mostly seen in both males and females, followed by types I and II. The mean length of NPC in males and females showed statistical significant difference (p < 0.05). Males showed significantly higher diameter of nasal opening, oral opening, and width of the buccal bone plate over the oral opening as compared with females. Conclusion The exact location, morphology, and dimensions of NPC can be well visualized with CBCT. All findings were higher in males as compared with females. Clinical significance The success of dental implant in maxillary anterior region may be affected by the approximation with NPC. The exact location and morphology play an important role for the correct placement of implant. Cone beam computed tomography is a useful tool providing three-dimensional images in all sections. How to cite this article Rao JB, Tatuskar P, Pulla A, Kumar N, Patil SC, Tiwari I. Radiographic Assessment of Anatomy of Nasopalatine Canal for Dental Implant Placement: A Cone Beam Computed Tomographic Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2018;19(3):301-305.