Force Amplification Mechanism for Increased Stroke and Speed Responses of Piezoelectric Stick-Slip Miniaturized Linear Motor

In this paper, a mechanical system model based on Simulink software was developed for a proposed design for a stick-slip motor. Only the orientation of a cubic PZT element identifies the mode configuration of the motor. The preliminary results showed that force amplification mode exhibited roughly five times more speed, at one-hundred times more loading force, compared to the displacement amplification mode. Interestingly, when the output displacement was compared to maximum expansion of mechanical advantage mechanism, then the force amplification mode showed displacement amplification.

Plasmoid instability in the semi-collisional regime

We investigate analytically and numerically the semi-collisional regime of the plasmoid instability, defined by the inequality $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}_{\text{SP}}\gg \unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{s}\gg \unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}_{\text{in}}$, where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}_{\text{SP}}$ is the width of a Sweet–Parker current sheet, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{s}$ is the ion sound Larmor radius and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}_{\text{in}}$ is the width of the boundary layer that arises in the plasmoid instability analysis. Theoretically, this regime is predicted to exist if the Lundquist number $S$ and the length of the current sheet $L$ are such that $(L/\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{s})^{14/9}<S<(L/\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{s})^{2}$ (for a sinusoidal-like magnetic configuration; for a Harris-type sheet the lower bound is replaced with $(L/\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{s})^{8/5}$). These bounds are validated numerically by means of simulations using a reduced gyrokinetic model (Zocco & Schekochihin, Phys. Plasmas, vol. 18 (10), 2011, 102309) conducted with the code Viriato. Importantly, this regime is conjectured to allow for plasmoid formation at relatively low, experimentally accessible, values of the Lundquist number. Our simulations obtain plasmoid instability at values of $S$ as low as ${\sim}250$. The simulations do not prescribe a Sweet–Parker sheet; rather, one is formed self-consistently during the nonlinear evolution of the initial tearing mode configuration. This proves that this regime of the plasmoid instability is realizable, at least at the relatively low values of the Lundquist number that are accessible to current dedicated experiments.