High density lipoproteins of blood plasma as a transport form of actinomycin D

Introduction.The development of new and highly effective antitumor therapy is one of the priorities of pharmacology. The paper presents one of the solutions to the problem related to the development of transport forms of antitumor drugs.The aimof the study was to study the ability of various fractions of plasma lipoproteins (VLDLP, LDL, HDL) to interact with actinomycin D and show the role of HDL as a transport form of actinomycin D in the body cells.Material and methods. The studies were conducted using unlabeled and tritium-labeled actinomycin D, preparative ultracentrifugation of the rat plasma lipoprotein fractions, chromatography, and in vivo experiments with intravenous administration of HDL complexes with labeled actinomycin D.Results.The important role of HDL in the formation of complexes with actinomycin D in comparison with LDL and LPA was shown. The basic physicochemical characteristics of the interaction of HDL and apolipoprotein A-I with actinomycin were obtained. The constants of the association were of the order of 105 M-1, and the number of binding sites for the drug was 26 for HDL and 12 for apolipoprotein A-I. In vivo studies on rats, the highest radioactivity after intravenous injection of HDL complexes with tritium-labelled actinomycin D was observed in the adrenal glands, then in the liver and kidneys. The uptake of tritium-labelled actinomycin D was twice lower in the lungs, adipose tissue, thymus and spleen. The low uptake of the label was observed in the myocardial tissue.Conclusion.The results obtained demonstrate the feasibility of using HDL as a transport form of actinomycin D in body cells.

The Hackney Carriage in Cork: Vehicle of a Victorian Irish City 1854–1902

Much has been written on the history of the railways and other transport forms in Ireland, from technological, economic, social and labour history viewpoints. However, the history of another important nineteenth-century transport form, the hackney carriage, remains neglected. In this article, it will be argued, using the hackney carriage business in Cork as a case study, that the hackney carriage was an important vehicle (both literal and metaphorical) in facilitating Cork’s development as a modern city with an urban centre surrounded by a suburban hinterland. Further, by examining in detail the workings of the Hackney Carriage Committee of the Cork Corporation, I will argue that the hackney carriage drivers, colloquially referred to as ginglemen or jinglemen, were for the most part a precarious working class who were policed by the Corporation, the Hackney Carriage Committee and the by-law governing their livelihoods. As such, the bye-law and the apparatus that implemented it was a form of liberal governmentality and social control over a portion of Cork’s working class.