A Woman to Rule the World: Rome Personified in the Roman Republic

<p>Revitalised by Mussolini in the early twentieth century as a symbol of the ‘New Roman Empire’, Roma has endured a long history of national representation. Traditionally the figure of Roma is on the one side associated by historians with the Roman imperial cult and Augustus, and on the other by Numismatists as the helmeted female figure on the coinage of the Roman Republic. However, these figures are not presently considered one and the same. When describing this figure, Roma is considered a Greek innovation travelling west, which naturally discounts well over two centuries of Roman issued coinage. Roma inaugurated by Hadrian and previously manipulated by Augustus was not simply a Greek import, but a complex Roman idea, which, true to Roman form, incorporated native and foreign elements in shaping an outward looking signifier of Roman identity.</p>

A Woman to Rule the World: Rome Personified in the Roman Republic

<p>Revitalised by Mussolini in the early twentieth century as a symbol of the ‘New Roman Empire’, Roma has endured a long history of national representation. Traditionally the figure of Roma is on the one side associated by historians with the Roman imperial cult and Augustus, and on the other by Numismatists as the helmeted female figure on the coinage of the Roman Republic. However, these figures are not presently considered one and the same. When describing this figure, Roma is considered a Greek innovation travelling west, which naturally discounts well over two centuries of Roman issued coinage. Roma inaugurated by Hadrian and previously manipulated by Augustus was not simply a Greek import, but a complex Roman idea, which, true to Roman form, incorporated native and foreign elements in shaping an outward looking signifier of Roman identity.</p>

Mental Health of PhD Students at Polish Universities—Before the COVID-19 Outbreak

Background: A group particularly exposed to the occurrence of disorders in the sphere of the psyche are young people with a newly developing personality structure and a sense of identity. In the available literature there are few reports describing the mental health of doctoral students—a group that is affected by a particular group of stressors. The aim of the research was to assess the mental health of PhD students at Polish universities. Material and Methods: The Polish adaptation of the GHQ Questionnaire-28, developed by David Goldberg et al. was used in the research. PhD students from all universities associated in the National Representation of Doctoral Students were invited to take part in the research. A total of 576 completed questionnaires were received. Results: It was found that depression is statistically more frequent in doctoral students who are not in any relationship with another person; anxiety/insomnia is more common in women than men and less frequently in doctoral students of general than in technical universities. Conclusions: (1) More than half of the surveyed students complain about the deterioration of mental health. The most commonly reported symptom groups are anxiety and insomnia, followed by social dysfunctions and somatic symptoms. (2) Depression is statistically more common in people who are not in any relationship with another person and anxiety and insomnia are statistically more common in women than in men and statistically less frequent in doctoral students of general universities than technical universities. (3) In view of the presented results, educating young adults in the field of self-awareness in the field of mental health seems to be particularly important.

Violencia en el hogar contra mujeres adultas durante el confinamiento por la pandemia de Covid-19 en México

Objective. To analyze the prevalence of domestic violence in adult women during confinement derived from the Co­vid-19 pandemic and individual, familiar and communitarian associated factors. Materials and methods. A second­ary analysis was carried out the 2020 National Health and Nutrition Survey on Covid-19, with national representation. A logistic regression model adjusted for the variables of interest was performed. Results. The prevalence was 5.8%. The most reported acts were shouting, insults or threats (4.3%). Most of the women who reported some type of violence in the home had already experienced it before the confinement. Low levels of well-being (OR= 1.96, 95%CI: 1.28,2.99), and living in a home where job was lost due to contingency (OR= 1.96, 95%CI: 1.41,2.73) were associated factors. Conclusions. In care interventions, it is necessary to take into account factors that deepen the vulnerability of women, such as pre-existing violence and loss of employment.

Evaluation of institutional and financial factors of the international financial reporting standards foundation management from the perspective of the Eurasian Economic Union

Subject. The article addresses the impact of modern institutional and financial structure of the IFRS Foundation on the quality and functionality of international financial reporting standards. Objectives. The purpose is to identify risk factors in the activities of the IFRS Foundation caused by its institutional and financial structure, considering the previously highlighted problems of the IFRS Foundation management. Methods. The study draws on the comparative analysis of the content of the IFRS and the statistical data on quantitative characteristics of the IFRS Foundation’s regulatory bodies. Results. The institutional and financial structure of the IFRS Foundation is characterized by the disproportion of the current national, sectoral and financial representation in the management bodies of the Foundation. This creates risks of inharmonious development of IFRS. The EEU current position is marked by a significant imbalance between functional and financial representation in the Foundation's management system. It is possible to mitigate identified risks in the development of the IFRS system, if the revealed imbalances are reduced through diversifying the industry representation, introducing financial participation coefficients and national representation into the practice of the Foundation's management. Conclusions. The formulated proposals can be useful for the authorized federal governing bodies of the Russian Federation and the EEU governing bodies, when developing growth strategies in the field of accounting and reporting, determining the focus of efforts to improve international standards, ensuring the protection of the national economic interests of the EEU countries in the activities of the IFRS Foundation in modern conditions.

Canon Breeds Canon

In this article, I explore the relationship between the reproduction of hegemonic discourses of national representation in the reception of literature in translation and processes of canonization. I argue that World Literature as a paradigm hinders our efforts of overcoming the burdens of canonization. As a case study, I analyze the implications of building and reproducing a canon of Japanese literature in translation in the United States for the way Japan has been represented in public discourse in the last thirty years. I will focus on the reception of Murakami Haruki as the contemporary representative of the canon of Japanese literature in translation. My goal is to examine how the circumstances of Japanese literature in translation perpetuate mechanisms of canonization in their engagement and legitimation of an ongoing logic of representation that is non-confrontational with agents in power. I aim to test the extent to which studying the reception of East Asian literature in translation can help us promote a broader discussion on the appropriateness of such frameworks in our understanding of the contemporary literary phenomenon.

National Representation without Citizenship: the Special Case of Rugby

This article is a case study of one of the few sports, rugby, that does not link national representation exclusively to citizenship. It discusses who may represent a country in major events and under which conditions. It analyses the consequences of the rules on different stakeholders; and discusses why the residency rule in particular is subject to much controversy. The author has conducted case studies of the 2019 rugby union and 2017 rugby league men’s World Cups. Academic literature, international news-papers, and rugby-specific websites were reviewed. Other than secondary sources, the researcher also collected primary data through interviews. The interviewees included representatives of Rugby League International Federation and World Rugby. This research reveals that national representation without citizenship is widespread in both codes of rugby. It has also shown that the effects of the eligibility criteria go beyond simplistic rich/poor and center/periphery models. This article argues that the rational for the eligibility criteria is the limited global spread of rugby league and rugby union. Without those lenient rules it would be difficult to organize international competitions.

Shadows of Forgotten Ancestors: In search of national representation in the image of folklore

In this case study analysis of the film Shadows of Forgotten Ancestors (1965) directed by Sergei Parajanov (1924–90) I will explore the ways in which traditional dress in this film, as part of a wider imagery of folklore, has been defamiliarized from the ideological canon of social realism. More specifically, I will look at the ways Parajanov’s film, filled with music, dance, colour and ethnographic texture, significantly departed from the traditional representation of non-Russians on the Soviet screen under the Friendship of Peoples policy. Based on a folkloric legend, adapted and published in 1911 by Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi (1864–1913), Shadows celebrates the ethnographic texture of the Hutsul region by departing significantly from causality and narrative logic and bringing together primitive and modern elements instead. Praised for its authenticity, the film became a turning point in the search for a new site of national expression for Ukrainian filmmakers and more specifically, the role of folklore in its visual presentation. The work of the costume designer Lidiya Bajkova (1905–80) is emblematic in the way it renders authenticity beyond historical, ethnic and material accuracy by seamlessly integrating the costumes into the visual texture of the cinematic image. Her approach demonstrates how motifs and patterns that have previously been delegated to domesticated and melodramatic narratives could conversely become a fundamental substance of the cinematic experience.

Necessarily Provisional: Ireland at the Venice Biennale

Ireland’s history at the Venice Biennale is one of uncertain circumstances and regular mobility. This article reflects on Ireland’s status as one of the non-permanent, ‘provisional’ pavilions at the Biennale, and considers the multiple ways in which Irish exhibitions (since the early 1990s) have dealt with curatorial challenges in this unpredictable context. By tracing the history of Ireland’s diverse exhibitionary efforts to test models of national representation away from the Biennale’s core group of settled, permanent pavilions, I argue (with reference to writings by Maria Lind and Irit Rogoff) for the merits of curating in a ‘provisional’ mode, finding useful lessons in Ireland’s varying levels of commitment to realizing ‘context-sensitive’ pavilion projects.

Phraseological picture of the world in the texts of modern mass media

The article deals with the definition of the phraseological picture of the world, reviews the existing approaches to its study in modern linguistics, and analyzes the objects of existing research that affect the problems of national representation of fragments of the phraseological picture of the world in the minds of native speakers. Also, the article examines the language picture of the world as a subject of study in the theories of modern communication. The article gives an up-to-date description of the content of this concept and its classification on various grounds (based on the object, subject, principles, and methods of language representation). The role of the linguistic picture of the world in the framework of the theory of intercultural and mass communication in semiotic and cognitive research is analyzed. The article further deals with the development and research of the linguistic picture of the world by both foreign and domestic scientists in this field. It describes the influence of the language of mass media on the picture of the world, namely, the work of journalists, where they use phraseology not only as it exists in the language, but also in a modified form, updating the semantics, structure and expressive and stylistic properties of phraseological turns.