A Cultural Orientation Approach to Work Orientation: Mongolian Workers’ Jobs, Careers, and Callings

Culturally held beliefs about the self and its relations with others affect the way individuals view their work. In this study, we examined the associations between individualism-collectivism and the three work orientations (i.e., viewing work as a job, a career, or a calling). We also investigated whether the positive effects of a calling orientation can be generalized to a developing eastern country, Mongolia. Using a sample of 352 Mongolian workers, we found that those endorsing horizontal collectivism tended to view their work as a calling more than as a job or a career. Mongolians with a calling orientation reported having better satisfaction with job, salary, and life, more work meaningfulness, and less turnover intention than those viewing work as a job or a career. The results suggest that cultural orientations and work orientations are intertwined, and the positive roles of a calling orientation are generalizable to Mongolia.

The Role of Ethnicity in Expression, Prevalence, and Severity of Generalized Anxiety Disorder and their Overlap with Depressive Symptoms: Epidemiological Evidence from a Rapidly Developing Middle Eastern Country

IntroductionQatar is a small but high-income Middle Eastern country with a large influx of migrants each year. However, the impact of changing population structure and urbanization on prevalence of generalized anxiety symptoms remains unexplored to date. Materials & MethodsA total of 2,640 participants interviewed by phone using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2). Bivariate and multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore the associations of ethnicity (Arab versus Non-Arab) with severity and symptom profile of GAD and overlap with depressive symptoms. ResultsThe point prevalence of mild, moderate, and severe symptoms were 13.4% (95% CI: 11.9 – 15.0), 2.7% (95% CI: 2.0 – 3.5), and 0.9% (95% CI: 0.6– 1.4), respectively. Arab ethnicity was associated with mild GAD (OR=1.78, p=0.009) and moderate-to-severe GAD (OR=2.36, p=0.044). Relative to non-migrants, migrant types were not significantly associated with mild or with moderate-to- severe GAD. Interactions between depressive symptoms and ethnicity were evident and statistically significant for the association with mild GAD versus no GAD (OR=0.34, p=0.003). ConclusionsEthnicity moderated the association of depression symptoms and GAD severity, with potential implications for early screening and community intervention.

Genre Originality of Travel Cycle in Modern Russian Poetry (“Indian cycle” by V. Polozkova)

The article is devoted to the study of genre features of the lyrical cycle of travel in modern poetry on the example of “Indian Cycle” (2008) by Vera Polozkova. The relevance of the study is due to the need to comprehend the lyrical cycle of travel as a synthetic genre form, in the structure of which various kinds of changes take place, first of all, genre features of the lyric cycle and travelogue are synthesized. The study of this genre form makes it possible not only to determine the originality of the author's creative manner and his place in the modern literary process, but also to trace the main trends in the development of the lyric cycle of travel in modern Russian poetry as a whole. The novelty of the research lies in the identification of genre, problem-thematic, compositional features of the “Indian Cycle”, which makes it possible to draw a conclusion about the expansion of the genre-typological features of the travel cycle due to additional lyrical motives (landscape, philosophical, love). It is established that the lyrical cycle of V. Polozkova’s travel is built along a real geographical route, the image of the country being visited becomes a plot-forming basis. In the course of the study, the peculiarities of the artistic perception of the geographical, cultural and historical space of the eastern country, national spirit and attributes are revealed. The features of the influence of the travel route on the inner world of the lyrical heroine are analyzed. Cultural codes and clichés associated with stereotypical perception of India are being rethought. The work proves that V. Polozkova's "Indian Cycle" clearly demonstrates the trend of genre synthesis emerging in contemporary poetry.