OVERCOMING OF AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR OF PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN THROUGH FAIRY TALE THERAPY

The article provides definitions of aggression, the causes of its occurrence, as well as fairy tale therapy as a means of overcoming aggressive manifestations. A research was conducted to study the psychological characteristics of the aggressive behaviour of younger schoolchildren. The formative linear experiment was used. The method for diagnosing aggression Bass-Darky and Rosenzweig's test of measuring the aggressiveness were carried out. In the aggressive behavior of primary school children is dominated by negative and indirect aggression; verbal and physical aggression are moderately manifested; auto-aggression, insult and suspicion are weakly expressed. More than half of primary schoolchildren have a high level of aggressiveness. In the vast majority of pupils, aggressive reactions are directed to the environment, that is, the orientation of aggression is extrapunitive. In about a quarter of pupils, the orientation of aggression is impunitive, for what happened they attribute the blame to the situation. The weakest expression has the intrapunitive orientation of aggression, when the child considers himself responsible for the event. To overcome the aggressive manifestations of primary schoolchildren, a training program was used, in which therapeutic tales and training exercises were included. If before applying a training program for overcoming agressiveness, aggressive reactions of most younger schoolchildren were directed at others, and they considered others to be responsible for solving the problem, then after implementing the training program the results of the retest show that there has been a sharp increase in the rate of intrapunitive aggression. That is, children began to count, that the solution of the problem depends more on the person, and in case of failure, the person should blame not the other, but own identity. Therapeutic fairy tales are an effective way to overcome the aggressive behaviour of children in educational institutions.

Protecting Manhood: Race, Class, and Masculinity in Men’s Attraction to Guns and Aggression

Using an original self-report survey of 18- to 30-year-old men, this study aims to understand gendered processes underlying men’s attitudes toward guns and aggressive behavior through two types of threats. We find that acceptance threat, a threat to an individual man’s sense of masculinity, and status threat, the belief that societal changes disadvantage men as a group, are positively associated with both men’s attraction to guns and their aggressive reactions to perceived disrespect. The effect of acceptance threat is amplified when a strong sense of status threat is also present, including attraction to guns and aggressive reaction to disrespect. These patterns are more pronounced among economically advantaged white men due to their precarious position in the race, class, and gender hierarchies. The racial and classed intersections amplify beliefs of status and acceptance threat for white men, channeling these threats into aggression and attraction to guns. We discuss how men’s economic and racial locations shape their responses to threats, and ultimately the consequences for men’s violence.

Understanding Brain Mechanisms of Reactive Aggression

Purpose of Review To review the current literature on biobehavioral mechanisms involved in reactive aggression in a transdiagnostic approach. Recent Findings Aggressive reactions are closely related to activations in the brain’s threat circuitry. They occur in response to social threat that is experienced as inescapable, which, in turn, facilitates angry approach rather than fearful avoidance. Provocation-induced aggression is strongly associated with anger and deficits in cognitive control including emotion regulation and inhibitory control. Furthermore, the brain’s reward system plays a particular role in anger-related, tit-for-tat-like retaliatory aggression in response to frustration. More research is needed to further disentangle specific brain responses to social threat, provocation, and frustration. Summary A better understanding of the psychological and neurobiological mechanisms involved in reactive aggression may pave the way for specific mechanism-based treatments, involving biological or psychotherapeutic approaches or a combination of the two.

PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SUSPECTS, ACCUSED AND CONVICTED MINORS IN PRE-TRIAL DETENTION

В статье рассмотрены психологические основы пребывания несовершеннолетних в условиях следственного изолятора и специфика их личностных изменений. Проанализированы данные отечественных и зарубежных авторов по исследованию личности несовершеннолетних подозреваемых, обвиняемых и осужденных. Обоснована актуальность проблемы, связанная с важностью своевременного изучения личностных особенностей несовершеннолетних, находящихся в условиях следственного изолятора. С целью изучения личностных особенностей несовершеннолетних описаны результаты исследования уголовно-правовых, социально-демографических, медицинских, индивидуально-психологических особенностей подозреваемых, обвиняемых и осужденных, содержащихся в условиях следственного изолятора. Анализ уголовно-правовых особенностей позволил установить, что большинство несовершеннолетних, находящихся в условиях следственного изолятора, совершили преступления против жизни и здоровья, половой неприкосновенности и половой свободы личности. Изучение социально-демографических особенностей несовершеннолетних подозреваемых, обвиняемых и осужденных показало, что их воспитание осуществлялось преимущественно в условиях неполной семьи. Исследование медицинских особенностей позволило установить, что 22 % подростков состоят на учете психиатра или нарколога, большинство несовершеннолетних до попадания в места лишения свободы употребляли наркотики, злоупотребляли спиртными напитками и курили. Диагностика индивидуально-психологических особенностей выявила, что большинству несовершеннолетних присуще демонстративное поведение, бесцеремонность, эгоцентризм, пренебрежение моральными и этическими ценностями, агрессивные реакции, эмоциональная незрелость, конфликтность, высокое самомнение, отсутствие чувства вины, принятие криминальной субкультуры и поддержание ряда традиций, периодическое нарушение режима содержания. Полученные результаты имеют практическое значение для психологических служб уголовно-исполнительной системы РФ и могут быть использованы для повышения эффективности психологического сопровождения несовершеннолетних, находящихся в условиях следственного изолятора. The article deals with the psychological basis of minors ' stay in a pre-trial detention facility and the specifics of their personal changes. The data of domestic and foreign authors on the study of the identity of juvenile suspects, accused and convicted persons are analyzed. The article substantiates the relevance of the problem related to the importance of timely study of the personal characteristics of minors in pre-trial detention. In order to study the personal characteristics of minors, the results of the study of criminal law, socio-demographic, medical, and individual psychological characteristics are described. features of suspects, accused and convicted persons held in a pre-trial detention facility. The analysis of criminal-legal features allowed to establish that the majority of minors who are in conditions of pre-trial detention, committed crimes against life and health, sexual inviolability and sexual freedom of the person. The study of socio-demographic characteristics of juvenile suspects, accused and convicted persons showed that their upbringing was carried out mainly in conditions of incomplete family. The study of medical features allowed us to establish that 22 % of teenagers are registered as a psychiatrist or a narcologist, most of the minors used drugs, abused alcohol and smoked before they were sent to prison. Diagnostics of individual psychological characteristics revealed that the majority of minors are characterized by demonstrative behavior, arrogance, egocentrism, disregard for moral and ethical values, aggressive reactions, emotional immaturity, conflict, high self-esteem, lack of guilt, acceptance of criminal subculture and maintenance of a number of traditions, periodic violation of the detention regime. The results obtained are of practical importance for the psychological services of the criminal Executive system of the Russian Federation and can be used to improve the effectiveness of psychological support for minors in pre-trial detention.

Influence of Family Upbringing Styles on the Formation of Aggression in Adolescents

The article is focused on the issues related to the peculiarities of family upbringing styles and manifestation of aggression in adolescents. This article presents the results of a study that was conducted among the families of students of the Krasnogorsk gymnasium in Krasnogorsk, Russia. The study involved 30 parents (mothers) and their children, 15 girls and 15 boys, aged 15 to 17 years, who are students in 10th and 11th grades of the Krasnogorsk gymnasium. Special attention is paid to the identification of the relationship between the style of upbringing and the features of aggressive reactions in adolescents.

Fеаtures of Emotional Sphere of Adolescents of Different Ethnic Groups of Northeast Russia

The combined ecological, geophysical, climatic, and social factors of the Northeast of Russia influence the organism from the early childhood being too intense for the functional systems. The purpose of the research is to study the emotional characteristics of adolescents of different ethnic groups in the northeast of Russia. Presented in the paper are results of the study that covered 826 adolescents (445 females and 381 males) at the age of 15–17, different by ethnic origin. We used standard methods of psycho-diagnostics. Our study has showed that the formation of the adolescents’ emotional sphere in the North is undoubtedly influenced not only by the climatic and socio-economic environmental factors but also by ethnic features. There are intergroup differences in the aggressiveness profile of older adolescents living in the remote settlement vs. the regional center. It is shown that high school students in the remote settlement of Evensk, compared to their peers in Magadan, regardless of gender and ethnicity, are characterized by more pronounced hostile and auto-aggressive reactions. In adolescents of the Aboriginal population, as compared with their age mate Caucasians, the indicators of impairment in the field of Neuro Psychic Adaptation, Situational and Personal Anxiety, and Social Frustration are significantly more pronounced.

Penerapan Standar Asuhan Keperawatan Jiwa Ners untuk Menurunkan Intensitas Waham Pasien Skizofrenia

Skizofrenia merupakan gangguan jiwa yang kompleks. Gejala yang paling sering ditemui adalah waham. Waham dialami oleh 60% penderita skizofrenia dengan intensitas yang lebih berat dibandingkan dengan gangguan jiwa yang lain. Pasien waham memiliki kecenderungan untuk memunculkan reaksi agresif karena adanya upaya konfrontasi dari lingkungan terkait pemikiran dan keyakinannya yang tidak realistis. Kecenderungan tersebut merupakan efek dari besarnya intensitas waham yang dialami pasien. Salah satu cara untuk mengontrol perilaku agresif tersebut adalah melalui latihan deeskalasi. Penanganan yang komprehensif perlu diberikan berdasarkan standar asuhan keperawatan (SAK) jiwa dan pemberian latihan deeskalasi secara adekuat pada pasien dengan gangguan proses pikir waham. Penulisan karya ilmiah akhir ners ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan penerapan asuhan keperawatan jiwa ners dan latihan deeskalasi terhadap agresifitas pasien untuk menurunkan intensitas waham. Metode yang dilakukan adalah berupa analisis kasus pada pasien yang dirawat di RS Dr. H. Marzoeki Mahdi Bogor, dengan diagnosis keperawatan gangguan proses pikir waham kebesaran. Hasil dari pemberian intervensi selama 8 hari adalah pasien mengalami penurunan intensitas waham dari skor 16 dengan kategori berat menjadi skor 11 dengan kategori sedang. Kesimpulannya terdapat penurunan intensitas waham dengan menerapkan standar asuhan keperawatan jiwa ners dan latihan deeskalasi terhadap agresifitas pada pasien skizofrenia. Kata kunci: deeskalasi, skizofrenia, standar asuhan keperawatan, waham APPLICATION OFPSYCHIATRIC NURSING CARE STANDARDS TO REDUCE THE INTENSITY OF DELUTION SCHIZOPHRENIA ABSTRACTSchizophrenia is a complex mental disorder. The most common symptom is delusions. Estimated 60% of schizophrenics have more severe intensity compared to other mental disorders with the same diagnose. Patients with delusions tend to elicit aggressive reactions because of attempts at confrontation from the environment related to unrealistic thoughts and beliefs. The tendency is the effect of the amount of delusions experienced by patients. One way to control aggressive behavior is through de-escalation exercises. Comprehensive treatment needs to be given based on psychiatric nursing care standards and the provision of adequate de-escalation exercises to patients with delusional thought processes. The writing of this final scientific work aims to illustrate the application of nursing care and de-escalation exercises to the aggressiveness of patients to reduce the intensity of delusions. The method used is a case analysis in patients treated at Dr. H. Marzoeki Mahdi Bogor, with a nursing diagnosis of oversized thought processes. The result of giving generalist therapy for 8 days is that the patient experienced a decrease in delusions intensity from a score of 16 with a severe category to a score of 11 with a moderate category. In conclusion, there is a decrease in the intensity of delusions by applying psychiatric nursing care standards and de-escalation training on aggressiveness in schizophrenic patients. Keywords: de-escalation, delution, psychiatricnursing care, schizophrenia

SOME RECOMMENDATIONS CONCERNING THE MEDICAL-PSYCHOLOGICAL POSTISOLATIONAL ASSISTANCE AND SUPPORT OF SERVICEMEN, THAT ENDURED TORTURE IN THE COURSE OF IMPRISIONMENT

The issue of medical-psychological assistance and support to individuals, that have been imprisoned and/ortortured is an up-to-date issue for many countries in the world. In accordance with the data provided by AmnestyInternational people are undergoing torture and cruel treatment at least in 140 countries of the world.In 2014 this issue has become extremely urgent, due to the fact that the armed conflict within a country alwaysnegatively influences the adherence of human rights. The definition of captivity has been actualized in 2014, in thecourse of the Maidan protests and received its continuity as a result of the situation that occurred in Crimea andthe East of the Luhansk and Donetsk regions. Tortures and cruel treatment are prohibited by international law.There’s an international consensus with regard to the fact that such abuses violate the dignity of a human beingand cannot be justified by any circumstances. But, most unfortunately the realities of today and the conduct ofcombat activities in the East of Ukraine force us to make conclusions about the non-adherence of the aggressorstateto the Geneva conventions and the humane treatment of prisoners of war. Thus, the attention of scientistshas been directed solely at solving these issues and providing certain recommendation concerning the medicalpsychologicalpost-isolation assistance and support to military personnel, who have endured torture in captivity.The material of the article is based on conducted empirical research and the experience of providing psychologicalassistance to the prisoners of war in the course of the post-isolation period.The overall amount of prisoners of war that have participated in the research are 694, who have beendeliberated from captivity in the course of the years 2015-2019. From the general amount of people under research(n=694), 643 individuals (92,7%) – are military men of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and 51 individual (7,3%) – arethe combatants of volunteer battalions (representatives of volunteer battalions).The articles presents the peculiarities of psychological work with former prisoners, the peculiarities of everystage of providing psychological assistance to military men has been scrutinized. There’s also the presentedanalyses of negative psychological implications of being held in captivity, among which the sense of guilt andshame, the control of ones’ emotions, avoiding communication and isolation, misfortunes in terms of marriage andfamily relations, aggressive reactions and the yearning for vengeance.

Gender characteristics of interpersonal relations and aggression of adolescents in rural schools

The problem of aggressive behavior in adolescents is not new to psychological science. However, in a transitional society, it requires constant monitoring. At the same time, the rural school is of interest due to the relative isolation and limited number of subjects of interaction. The purpose of this study was to study the specifics of aggressive reactions and types of attitudes towards people in rural school adolescents of different sexes. The study involved students from rural schools, in the amount of 100 people aged 14-16 years (M = 15.3; SD = 1.2; 47% men). The following methods were used: Bass-Darki questionnaire (adaptation by A.A. Khvan, Yu.A. Zaitsev, Yu.A. Kuznetsova.), Fundamental interpersonal Relations Orientation - Behavior (FIRO-B) (W. Schutz, adaptation by A.A. Rukavishnikov), as well as statistical methods (descriptive statistics, Mann Whitney U test). It was found that in the group of boys, physical aggression and resentment are more pronounced; girls are characterized by higher verbal aggression and feelings of guilt. Boys are also characterized by a high need for affection, and girls demonstrate a pronounced need for control over others. Prospects for the study consist in the subsequent analysis of the factors that determine the emergence of various aggressive and hostile reactions in adolescents, a comparison of rural and urban adolescents, as well as the characteristics of interpersonal relations in their relationship with the individual typological and gender characteristics of adolescents. The research results can be useful in organizing psychological support for adolescents in rural schools.