Profile of cryptobrachytone C accumulation in Cryptocarya pulchrinervia leaves using MALDI-MSI

Ratnasari J, Esyanti RR, Tan MI, Juliawaty LD, Shimma S. 2021. Profile of cryptobrachytone C accumulation in Cryptocarya pulchrinervia leaves using MALDI-MSI. Biodiversitas 22: 1172-1178. Cryptobrachytone C is an active compound isolated from leaves of Cryptocarya pulchrinervia, an indigenous plant from Indonesia. Cryptobrachytone C is cytotoxic against P388 leukemia cancer cell lines. A profile of cryptobrachytone C accumulation in leaves based on physiological age is necessary to study cryptobrachytone C production in the plant since it has anticancer potential. In situ profiling of cryptobrachytone C accumulation in leaves was carried out by imaging techniques using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI). The cryptobrachytone C ionization efficiency was carried out by derivatization using Girard-T reagent and coating with α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (α-CHCA) matrix. Scanned leaves show higher accumulation intensity in the second leaf. Quantitative accumulation profiling was conducted using GC-MS, where the highest amount of cryptobrachytone C was on the second leaf at 87.07 ± 47.21 mg. This showed that the most effective isolation of cryptobrachytone C would be obtained from young leaves of Cryptocarya pulchrinervia. This profile would play a role in cryptobrachytone C production in-situ or ex-situ using tissue culture.

Antiproliferation Assay of Essential Oil of Curcuma Rhizoma (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) Against P388 Leukemia Cell

Leukemia or blood cancer is a disease which marked by abnormal increasing of blood producer`s cells. Chemotherapies which used as anticancer have a many adverse effect and toxicity. The volatile oil of turmeric rhizome (Curcuma xanthorriza) contains sesquiterpene which has an pharmacological activity. The aimed of this research to assay the antiproliferation activity of volatile oil from curcuma rhizome to leukemia P388 cells using MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) method. The methods were contain of identification of volatile oil (produced from distillation water-steam) using organoleptic test and TLC, and activity test was using seven various concentrations, which were 0.1; 0.3; 1; 3; 10; 30; 100 µg/mL. The result showed that the sample can inhibit leukemia P388 cells with the value of IC50 was 15.5 µg/mL. The volatile oil of Curcuma rhizome has an antiproliferative activity to leukemia P388 cell.Keywords: Curcuma rhizome, MTT assay, leukemia cell P388, volatile oil

Antibacterial, cytotoxicity and metabolite profiling of crude methanolic extract from andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium) fruit

Sibero MT, Siswanto AP, Frederick EH, Wijaya AP, Syafitri E, Farabi K, Murwani R, Saito S, Igaras Y. 2020. Antibacterial, cytotoxicity and metabolite profiling of crude methanolic extract from andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium) fruit. Biodiversitas 21: 4147-4154. The local community in North Sumatra has utilized andaliman fruit (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium) as spices for traditional cuisines because it has a unique flavor. Information on the antimicrobial activity of Z. acanthopodium fruit against aquaculture pathogens and its bioactivity against leukemia cell lines are limited. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Z. acanthopodium fruit against Tenacibaculum maritimum, Vibrio alginolyticus, V. anguillarum, V. harveyi that are known as pathogens in aquaculture; to determine cytotoxic property against murine P388 leukemia cells; and to characterize its metabolites profile. The sample was extracted using methanol by the maceration method. Antibacterial assay was conducted by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method; while cytotoxicity assay using the XTT method. Proximate analysis showed that Z. acanthopodium fruit contained 63.41% of moisture, 24.73% of crude fiber, 9.81% of crude protein, 6.90% of ash, and 2.55% of crude fat. Several phytochemical components were detected, such as alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin, triterpenoid, and steroid. The GC/MS analysis indicated the presence of various compounds from terpenoid and terpenes derivatives. This study indicated that Z. acanthopodium fruit was not potential as antibacterial agents against the aquaculture pathogens; however, the methanol extract showed cytotoxic potential with IC50 19.14 µg/mL against murine P388 leukemia cells.

Halosmysin A, a Novel 14-Membered Macrodiolide Isolated from the Marine-Algae-Derived Fungus Halosphaeriaceae sp.

Halosmysin A, a new 14-membered macrodiolide with an unprecedented skeleton, was isolated from the fungus Halosphaeriaceae sp. OUPS-135D-4, which, in turn, was obtained from the marine algae Sargassum thunbergii. The chemical structure of the macrodiolide was elucidated using 1D and 2D NMR, as well as high resolution fast atom bombardment mass (HRFABMS) spectral analysis. The absolute stereochemistry was determined via chemical derivatization and comparison with a known compound, (6R,11R,12R,14R)-colletodiol. Additionally, halosmysin A was shown to be very potent against murine P388 leukemia, human HL-60 leukemia, and murine L1210 leukemia cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 2.2 ± 3.1 to 11.7 ± 2.8 μM.

Experimental Evaluation of Anticancer Efficiency and Acute Toxicity of Anthrafuran for Oral Administration

The new antitumor agent anthrafuran has demonstrated a consistent effect in murine tumor models when administered parenterally due to the simultaneous inhibition of multiple cellular targets such as topoisomerases I/II and protein kinases. In this study, we assessed the anticancer efficiency and acute toxicity of anthrafuran administered orally. The action of anthrafuran was studied on transplanted tumor models which included P388 leukemia, Ca755 mammary adenocarcinoma, LLC lung carcinoma, and T47D human breast cancer xenografts on Balb/c nude mice. A significant antitumor efficacy of oral anthrafuran was revealed for all tested tumor models as follows: T/Cmax = 219% for P388, TGImax = 91% for Ca755, TGImax = 84% with CRmax = 54% for LLC, and T/C = 38% for T47D. The optimal treatment schedule of orally administered anthrafuran was 70–100 mg/kg given daily for five days. The LD50 value of orally administered anthrafuran (306.7 mg/kg) in mice was six times higher than that for i.p. administration (52.5 mg/kg). The rates of antitumor efficacy and acute toxicity indicate the high potential for further research on anthrafuran as a new original oral anticancer multitarget agent with an expected satisfactory tolerability and bioavailability.