The Importance of Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) to Eukaryote from Prokaryote

The increase of human population has caused to accumulation of enormous amounts of non-degradable waste substance in our world [1]. Increased utilize of plastic substance in the domestic and industrial section exceeds which poses critical worry as they are no biodegradable, as a result important problems such as environmental pollution, toxicity to human health. At last years, plenty of emphasis has been given in the way of the improvement of microbial-derived biodegradable polymers manufacture [2].

IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY INTO THE IMPACT FLUID FRACTURING BY ADAPTING IT TO THE PARAMETERS OF THE ENCLOSING ENVIRONMENT

The principle of formation of the oriented crack by displacement of a plastic substance from the well in the mode providing coincidence of frequency of influence on a plastic substance and natural frequency of oscillations of the host medium is discussed. The technical solution of adaptation of the mode of injection of a plastic substance into the formed crack to the changing parameters of the host medium is given. The means of implementation of this technical solution and the results of engineering calculations of their main components are presented.

ON METHODS OF FORMING OF FISSURE STRESS CONCENTRATOR AT BORDER ZONE OF HOLE

The analysis of methods and equipment for forming of fissure stress concentrators in the walls of holes for practical realization of method of directed measuring hydraulic fracturing is represented. Having based on carried out review the classification of known equipment by method of forming of initiating fissure such as mechanical cutting of fissure by spinning instrument, denting of hard-alloy indentors to hole walls, impact using plastic substance, explosion of cumulative charges is proposed. It is established that mechanical method is the most widespread by numbers of patented technical solutions and by rate of practical realization. Known equipment provides forming of fissure stress concentrators only in soft rocks and rocks of medium hardness. It is concluded that it is necessary to study and develop new methods and equipment for forming initiating fissures providing of realization of directed measuring hydraulic fracturing into ore solids.

The Component Analysis of Penetration Sealer Materials

Nowadays, its more common of dispensing a topping material like concrete crystalline penetration sealer materials (CSM) onto the surface of a plastic substance such as concrete to extend its service life span by surface protections from outside breakthrough. Its known as the CSM may penetrate into the existing pores or possible cracks in such a way that it may form crystals to block the potential paths which provide breakthrough for any unknown materials. Even though all kinds of test data and researches have been reported to boast of its advantages in both theoretical technologies and application functions, to accept that as an agreed fact, namely the major components and those proportions have not been fully announced in public or research. This study employed various experiments, such as scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), to identify key components of CSM for developing another type of CSM so that its components could be open for the public. There are two types of commercial CSM adopted for the tests and then thru a series of discusses of test results the most possible components of CSM are proposed as a future reference of CSM related researches.

Artificial Latices

An artificial latex is usually understood to mean one prepared by the inversion of the solid plastic, and the main purpose of this paper is to consider latices of this type, although towards the end some attention is given to the synthetic latices. Given the right conditions of dispersion and the correct dispersing agents, satisfactory aqueous dispersions may be prepared from almost any plastic substance. In dispersion processes generally the material to be dispersed may occur as a liquid, as a solid, or as a plastic which is physically intermediate between the two. In all such processes machinery is required capable of inducing a shear at the point of dispersion. It is a relatively simple matter to prepare an aqueous dispersion of a liquid. The technician has at his disposal several types of high-speed colloid mills in which the liquid is subjected to high shearing forces in the presence of suitable colloids. For solids in hard homogeneous massive form, not merely present as aggregates of otherwise fine particles, grinding machinery is necessary. For the intermediate plastics, relatively heavy machinery capable of inducing shearing forces in the material itself is required. Consequently, if the plastic substance can be rendered fluid by solution in a suitable solvent, it can be dispersed by passage through some form of standard colloid mill. On the other hand, if it can be rendered friable by loading with large proportions of powder, it may be dispersed with the aid of some form of grinding machinery. Both methods were practised by the earlier investigators, and in both eases dispersions were obtained in which an undesirable ingredient was present in large quantities. The solvent could, of course, be distilled off, but its use and recovery was an unnecessary expense and the final dispersion was not always controllable as regards stability.