THE PREVALENCE OF MORAXELLA BOVIS IN CLINICALLY NORMAL CATILE EYES: ITS SIGNIFICANCE TO INFECTIOUS BOVINE KERATO-CONJUNCTIVITIS

In a study to determine the prevalence of Moraxella bovis in clinically normal cattles eyes in the Maiduguri area of Nigeria, 35 adult cattle (70 eyes) and 25 calves (50 eyes) were sampled. Three each of the adult and young cattle making a total of 6 (5%) were positive for M.bovis (the aetiological agent of infections bovine Keratoconjunctivitis) out of the 120 eyes sampled. Branhamella catarrhalis, Branhamella mucosa and Escherichia coli were each isolated respectively, from 2 (1.6%) of the 120 samples. The other bacterial species isolated were Bacillus (5:4.2%), Corynebacterium (17; 14.2%), Streptococcus (9; 7.7%) and Staphylococcus (21/17.5%), could be regarded as commensals. The epidemiological implications of finding M. bovis in clinically normal cattle eyes are discussed.

ISOLASI DAN UJI AKTIVITAS DAYA HAMBAT EKSTRAK ETANOL BIJI PINANG (Areca catechu L.) TERHADAP BAKTERI PADA LIDAH

Betel nut (Areca catechu L.) is a natural material that has antibacterial activity in treating diseased on teeth, halitosis and can inhibit of dental caries. The objective of this research is type of bacteria based on morphology, the results of bacterial identification tests on the tongue and to determine the effect of the inhibitory power of betel nut ethanol extract (Areca catechu L.) to bacteria of the tongue. Antibacterial activity testing using disc diffusion method with various concentrations of 10%, 20% and 30%. Secondary metabolite contents are alkaloid, terpenoid and flavonoid.The results obtained from the identification test based on the color of bacteria Branhamella catarrhalis, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Straphylococcus aureus. Ethanol extract of areca nut (Areca catechu L.) is better to inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus compared to Branhamella catarrhalis. Based on Two Way Anova statistical data on inhibitory zone diameters, there were differences between the concentration groups of 10%, 20% and 30% and there were significant differences in the inhibitory activity of Branhamella catarrhalis bacteria compared to Staphylococcus epidermidis and Straphylococcus aureus bacteria but not significantly different between Staphylococcus epidermidis and Straphylococcus aureus bacteria

Microbiological features of bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during remission

Background: Bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are currently the fifth leading cause of death in the world. The combination of bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease seems to be a unique disease resulting from the interaction of genetic, pathological and functional factors. Aim: Study of clinical and functional parameters, bacterial spectrum in patients with combination of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases bronchitis and non-bronchitis types. Methods: Clinical and functional examination of 69 patients with obstructive respiratory diseases, of which 49 patients with asthma combined with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease of bronchitis and non-bronchitis types. The microbiological spectrum of nasal pharynx induced by sputum was studied. Results: The following microorganisms were isolated: Staphylococcus (S. aureus, S. epidermidis), Neisseria subflava, Streptococcus (α-haemolyticus, β-haemolyticus), Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Branhamella catarrhalis, Enterococcus, Haemophilus influenzae, Candida albicans, Aspergillus spp., Actinomyces spp., Cladosporium, Penicillium, and others. Conclusion: A more pronounced quantitative content and a more diverse microbial landscape leads to a more severe course of the disease asthma combined withchronic obstructive pulmonary disease especially of the bronchitis type.

IDENTIFIKASI BAKTERI DAN UJI KEPEKAAN TERHADAP ANTIBIOTIK PADA PENDERITA TONSILITIS DI POLIKLINIK THT-KL BLU RSU. PROF. DR. R. D. KANDOU MANADO PERIODE NOVEMBER 2012-JANUARI 2013

Tonsillitis is inflammation of palatine tonsil as part of the Waldeyer’sring. Tonsillitis most commonly caused by viral orbacterial infection. The purpose is to determine such an insidence of the type of bacterials from patient’s (with tonsillitis) throat swabs examination at the Department of Otolaryngology RSUP Prof. Dr. R.D Kandou Manado and also to determine such an insidence of the bacterial’s sensitivity ofantibiotics that commonly used on tonsillitis case. This research was taken at the Department of Otolaryngology RSUP Prof. Dr.R.D Kandou Manado by using prospective descriptive study method as well as examining 20 samples from the patients with tonsilitis. The result, 75% samples showed bacterial’s growth. There were found 6 types of bacterials. The following bacterials are 10% eschericia coli, 10% of staphylococcus aureus, 40% of streptococcus sp., 5% of branhamella catarrhalis, 5% of enterobacter aerogenes and 5% of alcaligenes faecalis. On sensitivity of antibiotics, 66,67% Levofloxacin, 66,67% of Cefriaxon, 53,3% of Amoxicilin clavulanic, 13,3% Ciprofloxacin. The differences in place, time, and history of antibiotics therapy, could caused the differences in type of bacterials among the tonsillitis patients.Keywords: tonsillitis, type of bacterial, sensitivity testAbstrak:Tonsilitis merupakan peradangan tonsil palatina yang merupakan bagian dari cincin waldeyer.Tonsilitis adalah infeksi (virus atau bakteri) dan inflamasi pada tonsil.Tujuan penelitian ini mendapatkan gambaran jenis kuman pada pemeriksaan hapusan tenggorokan penderita tonsilitis di Poliklinik THT-KL BLU RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado dan juga gambaran tentang kepekaan kuman terhadap beberapa antibiotika yang biasa digunakan pada tonsilitis. Penelitian ini bersifat prospektif deskriptif lewat pengambilan sampel dari pasien Poliklinik THT-KL.Dari 20 sampel yang diuji, didapatkan 15 sampel (75%) menunjukkan pertumbuhan bakteri dan 5 sampel (25%) tidak ada pertumbuhan bakteri. Bakteri yang ditemukan ada6 jenis bakteri yang terdiri dari 2 sampel escherichia coli (10%), 2 sampel staphylococcus aureus (10%), 8 sampel streptococcus sp (40%), 1 sampel branhamella catarrhalis (5%), 1 sampel enterobacter aerogenes (5%), 1 sampel alcaligenes faecalis(5%).Sedangkan sensitifitas antibiotika yang paling tinggi adalah Levofloxacin 10 sampel (66,67%) dan cefriaxone 10 sampel (66,67%), kemudian amoxicilin calvulanic 8 sampel (53,33%), ciprofoxacin 2 sampel (13,33%).Perbedaan tempat, waktu, serta riwayat pernah mendapatkan terapi antibiotika, dapat menyebabkan perbedaan pola kumanKata kunci: tonsilitis, pola bakteri, uji kepekaan

POLA KUMAN DAN UJI KEPEKAANNYA TERHADAP ANTIBIOTIKA PADA PENDERITA OTITIS EKSTERNA DI POLIKLINIK THT-KL BLU RSU PROF. DR. R. D. KANDOU MANADO

Otitis externa is an outer ear canal infection divided into acute and chronic forms based on the course of illness. In a study at Polyclinic ENT-TOS at Prof. dr. R. D. Kandou General Hospital Manado in 2011 it was found that from 5297 there were 440 (8.33%) cases of otitis externa. This study aimed to determine the pattern of bacteria and antibiotic sensitivity in patients with otitis externa in the Polyclinic ENT-TOS, Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou Hospital Manado during the period December 2012 - January 2013. This study was a descriptive prospective through a sampling technique of patients. Of the 20 samples tested, 18 (90%) showed the growth of bacteria, and two samples (10%) had no growth of bacteria. There were seven types of bacteria found consisting of two samples (10%) of Branhamella catarrhalis, four samples (20%) of Staphylococcus epidermidis, two samples (10%) of Staphylococcus aureus, two samples (10%) of Acinetobacter anitratus, two samples (10%) of Enterobacter aerogenes, four samples (20%) of Alcaligenes faecalis, two samples (10%) of Proteus mirabilis, and two samples (10%) of no bacterial growth. The highest sensitivity antibiotic was levofloxacin in 14 samples (77.78%), while the highest resistant to antibiotics was ever getting clindamycin in 16 samples (88.89%). Conclusion: nearly all of the samples obtained from otitis externa patients in Polyclinic ENT-TOS, Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou Hospital Manado during the period December 2012 - January 2013 showed bacterial growth. Levofloxacin was the highest sensitive antibiotic while clindamycin and erythromycin were the highest resistant antibiotic among otitis externa patients in ENT-TOS Clinic of Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou Hospital, Manado Keywords: otitis externa, pattern of bacteria, sensitivity test. Abstrak: Otitis eksterna adalah infeksi liang telinga luar yang menurut perjalanan penyakit terbagi atas bentuk akut dan kronis. Pada penelitian di Poliklinik THT-KL RSU Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou Manado pada tahun 2011 diperoleh dari 5.297 pengunjung terdapat 440 (8,33%) kasus otitis eksterna. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola kuman dan uji kepekaannya terhadap antibiotika pada penderita otitis eksterna di Poliklinik THT-KL BLU RSU Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou Manado periode Desember 2012 - Januari 2013. Penelitian ini bersifat prospektif deskriptif dan sampel diambil dari pasien Poliklinik THT-KL. Dari 20 sampel yang diuji, didapatkan 18 sampel (90%) menunjukkan pertumbuhan bakteri dan dua sampel (10%) tidak memperlihatkan pertumbuhan bakteri. Bakteri yang ditemukan tujuh jenis, terdiri dari Branhamella catarrhalis dua sampel (10%), Staphylococcus epidermidis empat sampel (20%), Staphylococcus aureus dua sampel (10%), Acinetobacter anitratus dua sampel (10%), Enterobacter aerogenes dua sampel (10%), Alcaligenes faecalis empat sampel (20%), Proteus mirabilis dua sampel (10%), dan tidak ada pertumbuhan bakteri sebanyak dua sampel (10%). Simpulan: hampir semua sampel yang diperoleh dari pasien otitis eksterna di Poliklinik THT-KL RSU Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou Manado periode Desember 2012 - Januari 2013 memperlihatkan pertumbuhan bakteri. Antibiotika yang kepekaannya paling tinggi ialah levofloxacin, sedangkan antibiotika yang resistensinya paling tinggi ialah clindamycin an erythromycin. Kata kunci: otitis eksterna, pola kuman, uji kepekaan.

Moraxella catarrhalis bacteraemia associated with prosthetic vascular graft infection

Moraxella catarrhalis, formerly called Branhamella catarrhalis, ‘Neisseria catarrhalis’ or ‘Micrococcus catarrhalis’, is a Gram-negative, aerobic diplococcus frequently found as a colonizer of the upper respiratory tract. Over the last 20–30 years, this bacterium has emerged as a genuine pathogen, and is now considered an important cause of otitis media in children and an aetiological agent in pneumonia in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, bacteraemia due to M. catarrhalis has rarely been reported. Presented here is a case of M. catarrhalis bacteraemia associated with prosthetic vascular graft infection along with a review of the relevant literature.