الطبيعة القانونية للتنبؤ بالجريمة بواسطة الذكاء الاصطناعي ومشروعيته

Predicting a crime before it occurs is not considered unseen, but rather a probable prediction, it may even be probable, concerned with analyzing a large amount of data according to algorithms prepared in advance for this purpose, that modern technology produced by artificial intelligence has had a great impact in aborting crime early. The fight against criminality is a necessary and vital matter that is renewed and developed according to the reality of its society, and the curtain does not fall - at the same time - on the jurisprudential theories that have always lurked with the criminal, sometimes analyzing him psychologically, sometimes socially, and sometimes biologically, in order to assess his criminal seriousness, and apply appropriate measures to prevent his return to crime. Once again, the algorithms - which are the backbone of AI - are taking on the task more precisely, faster, and cost less. However, the novelty of this method has added a kind of ambiguity in determining its legal nature and legality. With regard to the legal nature, we find that they are no more than security measures that are included in the duties of the arresting officers, because the prediction of a crime precedes its commission of course, and therefore no inference or investigation procedures of any kind can be taken regarding it. As for the legality of using artificial intelligence to predict the crime despite its risks affecting the constitutional right to protect personal data, however, those risks are quickly dispelled in the case in which the legislator is involved in enacting criminal protection for that data, as well as granting law enforcement officers the appropriate restrictive authority to be able to activate This new technology aims to reduce crime in the near future.

Reassessing Shamanism and Animism in the Art and Archaeology of Ancient Mesoamerica

Shamanism and animism have proven to be useful cross-cultural analytical tools for anthropology, particularly in religious studies. However, both concepts root in reductionist, social evolutionary theory and have been criticized for their vague and homogenizing rubric, an overly romanticized idealism, and the tendency to ‘other’ nonwestern peoples as ahistorical, apolitical, and irrational. The alternative has been a largely secular view of religion, favoring materialist processes of rationalization and “disenchantment.” Like any cross-cultural frame of reference, such terms are only informative when explicitly defined in local contexts using specific case studies. Here, we consider shamanism and animism in terms of ethnographic and archaeological evidence from Mesoamerica. We trace the intellectual history of these concepts and reassess shamanism and animism from a relational or ontological perspective, concluding that these terms are best understood as distinct ways of knowing the world and acquiring knowledge. We examine specific archaeological examples of masked spirit impersonations, as well as mirrors and other reflective materials used in divination. We consider not only the productive and affective energies of these enchanted materials, but also the potentially dangerous, negative, or contested aspects of vital matter wielded in divinatory practices.

How to expand the boundaries: feminist posthumanist elaborations on change in education

Change is a vital matter connecting to key educational concerns of teaching and learning and also involves questions of ethics. By deploying a feminist posthumanist framework, this paper elaborates change together with the notions of boundaries and responsibility. This is done by exploring moments from a collaborative research project conducted in a Swedish upper secondary school concerning a teaching unit focusing on equality and norms. The questions guiding the paper are: How is change enacted within the teaching? And, how to unfold the responsibilities the teaching entails? By working within the interplay of empirical enquiry and theoretical elaboration, the paper addresses how a multitude of encounters become involved in enactments of change. Further, it unfolds how change entails both unpredictability and responsibility for teaching and learning. In the concluding notes the ambiguities of change are stressed addressing the call within posthuman ethics of how to expand the boundaries.

Congestion Avoidance and Control in Internet Router Based on Fuzzy AQM

The internet has made the world a little community, linking millions of people, organizations, and equipment for different purposes. The great impact of these networks in our lives makes their efficiency a vital matter to take care of, and this needs handling some problems including congestion. In this paper, the fuzzy-PID controller is used to control the nonlinear TCP / AQM model. This controller adjusts congestion of the computer network and commits controlled pressurized signaling features. Many experiments were carried out using different network parameter values, various queue sizes, and additional disturbances to verify the robustness and efficiency of the proposed controller. From all experiments carried out in the NS-2 simulator version (2.35), the results show the superiority of the FPID controller under different network traffic conditions.

Urgensi Penerapan Interdependent Airspace Governance Untuk Optimalisasi Tata Kelola Ruang Udara Nasional Sebagai Antisipasi Open Sky Policy

Indonesia as an archipelago state has a national airspace of 5,180,053 km². Indonesia's airspace is located in a strategic position between the continents of Asia and Australia which makes Indonesia one of the busiest air routes in the world. Therefore, the management of air space is a vital matter that must be emphasized through various legal instruments. The sovereignty of Indonesian air space is affirmed in Article 49 paragraph (2) of the 1982 International Law of the Sea Convention which was ratified by Law Number 17 of 1985 concerning Ratification of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. This article explicitly regulates the legal status of archipelagic waters, air space over archipelagic waters and the seabed as well as the land below. So far, territorial sovereignty that is complete and exclusive is regulated in Law Number 1 of 2009 concerning Aviation, but it does not specifically regulate the boundaries of Indonesia's sovereign air space, either vertically or horizontally. The national airspace of a country is completely closed to foreign aircraft, both civilian and military, so it must be with the permission of the underworld, either through bilateral agreements or multilateral agreements, so that a country's national air space can be traversed by foreign aircraft. Such closed nature can be understood considering that air space is a very vulnerable medium of movement when viewed from the point of view of under-state defense and security. Attacks using aircraft have many advantages and conveniences that can exploit the vulnerability of an air space, such as its fast (speed), wide range, surprise, optimal penetration. This is what prompts each country to adopt its national airspace protection standards which are strict and rigid. Flights between countries are fully regulated through the Bilateral Air Transport Agreement (BATA). Without BATA, the state cannot provide air transportation services to a country. BATA itself is a form of implementation of state sovereignty in air space that is complete and exclusive in the midst of globalization challenges, such as aviation liberalization (Open Sky Policy). Referring to the Open Sky Policy, this policy allows air carriers to make decisions on routes, capacities, prices and various options for flight activities.

Supervisi Klinik Berbasis 4S (Structure, Skills, Support, and Sustainable) terhadap Penerapan Keselamatan Pasien

Patient safety is a vital matter of a hospital. Reports related to Patient Safety Incident (IKP) continue to increase from 2018 to 2019 in two hospitals namely Abdul Manap Hospital and Raden Mattaher Hospital Jambi. The research aims to analyse the impact of the 4S-based clinical supervision clinic on patient safety implementation of nurse’s practiceat the Jambi Municipal public hospital in 2019. This type of research is quasy experiment with a pre-post approach test design with control group. A sample of implementing nurses amounted to 66 people. Sampling with proportional random sampling. There is a significant influence on the clinical 4S-based clinica lsupervision on the implementation of patient safety by the implementing nurses in the intervention group in the hospital of Raden Mattaher Jambi (0.012) and there is no influence on the application of safety of patients conducted by the implementing nurses in hospital Abdul Manap Jambi City (0.083). Hopefully, the hospital can make the 4S-based clinical supervision to be a routine activity that by making careful planning about the supervision activities performed so that supervision can work to objectives that have been determined.

The Value of Guns for Personal and Collective Defense

Why Is Self-Defense Central to the Debate over Gun Control? Personal safety is a vital matter, and self-protection is a more compelling rationale for owning guns than recreation. We can all conjure up the nightmare scenario of being defenseless in a violent confrontation with...

Is there Always a Positive Relationship Between Workplace Diversity and Organizational Performance, or Does Diversity Fatigue Imply a Suppressing Effect?

Performance of employees has been a vital matter for all organizations regardless of their sector. As organizations become more diverse, maintaining high performance becomes a challenge. This study examines the relationship between workforce diversity and organizational performance in educational sector of Cyprus through moderating effect of diversity fatigue. Mixed Method is used for the purposes of this study to analyze data from university academic staff, through survey and senior-level interviews (semi-structured). Qualitative measures were used to develop dimensions for diversity fatigue, which further were tested through quantitative approach. Results imply that extent of diversity fatigue can suppress the relationship between overall performance and workforce diversity, which is positive and significant prior to interaction of fatigue. Furthermore, our study expands the literature regarding the topic within educational sector. Managers can have an enhanced decision-making process regarding diverse workforce and degree of fatigue, which yields in a higher performance level for the firm.

Entangled and Estranged: Living and Dying in Relation (to Cancer)

Serious illness has typically been explored as emergent within the relatively linear unfolding of the steady march of time. Here, focusing on cancer and drawing on the accounts of patient/carer dyads, we propose a relational ontology of the affective and temporal entanglements of living-with disease. Emphasising the iterative intra-activity of vital matter and social meaning as they are repatterned across time, we examine the enfolding of various temporal, affective and normative dis/continuities that become particularly meaningful – or are made to matter – in the context of living/dying-with cancer. We focus on the social practices of ‘making memories’, ‘anticipating absence’ and ‘maintaining normal’ which reveal the entanglement of seemingly discrete categories such as self and other, here and gone, and past, present and future. Living-with cancer thus emerges as more than an illness/caring experience, but rather as instructive in contributing to a relational understanding of everyday life.