Cyanation: A Photochemical Approach and Applications in Organic Synthesis

Photoredox chemistry has emerged as an efficient tool in catalyzing organic reactions as it utilizes light as an energy source without any external initiator or reagent. The cyanide group is...

Synthesis, decomposition studies and crystal structure of a three-dimensional CuCN network structure with protonated N-methylethanolamine as the guest cation

The compound poly[2-hydroxy-N-methylethan-1-aminium [μ3-cyanido-κ3 C:C:N-di-μ-cyanido-κ4 C:N-dicuprate(I)]], {(C3H10NO)[Cu2(CN)3]} n or [meoenH]Cu2(CN)3, crystallizes in the tetragonal space group P43. The structure consists of a three-dimensional (3D) anionic CuICN network with noncoordinated protonated N-methylethanolamine cations providing charge neutrality. Pairs of cuprophilic Cu atoms are bridged by the C atoms of μ3-cyanide ligands, which link these units into a 43 spiral along the c axis. The spirals are linked together into a 3D anionic network by the two other cyanide groups. The cationic moieties are linked into their own 43 spiral via N—H...O and O—H...O hydrogen bonds, and the cations interact with the 3D network via an unusual pair of N—H...N hydrogen bonds to one of the μ2-cyanide groups. Thermogravimetric analysis indicates an initial loss of the base cation and one cyanide as HCN at temperatures in the range 130–250 °C to form CuCN. We show how loss of a specific cyanide group from the 3D CuCN structure could form the linear CuCN structure. Further heating leaves a residue of elemental copper, isolated as the oxide.

Bioefficiency of Chromolaena odorata (Linn.) on hematological and lipid profiles in sublethal cyanide poisoning in male wistar rats

Chromolaena odorata is an invasive plant which is acclaimed to have cyanide remediation potential from contaminated sites. This examination means to decide the impact of ethanol concentrates of C. odorata (ECO), sodium thiosulphate and a mix of both on hematological parameters and blood lipid profile of rodents presented to potassium cyanide. (KCN). A sum of thirty five male Wistar rats partitioned into seven groups of five units were used. KCN Group rats were administered with KCN alone. Rats in 100ECO, 150ECO, 200ECO groups were administered with 100, 150 and 200 mg/kg body weight of ECO respectively. Rats under Na2sS2O3 and Na2S2O3+ECO groups were administered 200 mg/kg sodium thiosulphate and sodium thiosulphate with ECO at 200 mg/kg respectively. The trial was done in about a month. Toward the finish of the investigation, the packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin level (Hb), Red blood cells (RBC) and white blood cells (WBC) were resolved utilizing known biochemical methodology. The outcomes demonstrated a noteworthy increment (p ? 0.05) in PCV, Hb, RBC and WBC level of remedial groups when contrasted with the cyanide group. Total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) were altogether lower while HDL-cholesterol was fundamentally expanded in all the treated groups when contrasted and the untreated group given cyanide alone. However, no significant difference in LDL-cholesterol was indicated in all therapeutic groups compared with the cyanide group. The study revealed that C. odorata at the tested doses was able to improve the hematological parameters and lipid profile in cyanide exposed rats.

Diastereoselective Synthesis of some pyrrolidin-2-ones azasugars and study of their stereochemistry

The microwave-promoted one-pot multicomponent synthesis of substituted pyrrolidinols using a bifunctional sugar-derived hydroxy-[gamma]-lactone component of amine component or cyanide group is reported. Clean reaction profile, easy work-up procedure, excellent yields and short reaction times are some remarkable features of this method.This modular approach features the in situ-generation of iminium ions intermediate that allows the diastereoselective assembly of the diverse pyrrolidinones efficiently under microwave irradiation has been used.

Crystal structures and Hirshfeld surfaces of differently substituted (E)-N′-benzylidene-N-methyl-2-(thiophen-2-yl)acetohydrazides

The syntheses and crystal structures of (E)-N′-(3-cyanobenzylidene)-N-methyl-2-(thiophen-2-yl)acetohydrazide, C15H13N3OS, (I), and (E)-N′-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-N-methyl-2-(thiophen-2-yl)acetohydrazide, C15H16N2O2S, (II), with different substituents in themetaandparaposition of the benzene ring are described. Compounds (I) and (II) both crystallize with two molecules in the asymmetric unit, with generally similar conformations [r.m.s. overlay fits for (I) and (II) of 0.334 and 0.280 Å, respectively] that approximate to L-shapes. The thiophene rings in (I) are well ordered, whereas those in (II) exhibit `flip' rotational disorder [occupancies 0.662 (2) and 0.338 (2) for molecule 1, and 0.549 (3) and 0.451 (3) for molecule 2]. The packing for (I) features short C—H...O interactions arising from the C—H grouping adjacent to the cyanide group and C—H...Nc(c = cyanide) links arising from the methine groups to generate [110] double chains. Weak C—H...π interactions interlink the chains into a three-dimensional network. The packing for (II) features numerous C—H...O and C—H...π interactions arising from different donor groups to generate a three-dimensional network. Hirshfeld fingerprint plots indicate significant differences in the percentage contact surfaces for (I) and (II).

The effect of cyanide exposure to larvae weight for post mortem interval estimation

Flies are one type of insect, which decompose the organic component in animals, and human cadavers. Therefore, the insects can be used to help the investigators related to human law. One of the methods to determine Post Mortem Interval [PMI] was by identifying the insects that come in the decay process. Some chemicals can affect the development of the insect and its life cycle. Cyanide is widely used to commit murder in Indonesia. The effect of cyanide on the development and life cycle of insects is a very interesting field to study. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of cyanide exposure to larvae weight for PMI estimation. This research was an experimental research that used larvae of Wistar rat carcass. The control group was killed by neck dislocation, while experimental group were killed by oral lethal doses of cyanide. Data were obtained from the measurement and examination of larvae, started from the 1st day until 4^th day after death. Chrysomya, Sarcophaga, and Lucilia larvae were identified from this study. Sarcophaga larvae first appeared and next day followed by Chrysomya and Lucilia. There were significant differences in Chrysomya larvae weight. There were Chrysomya third instar larvae on the 4^th day on cyanide group, with 56.4±16.8 mg of weight. There were Chrysomya third instar larvae on the 4^th day on control group, with 30.4±5.5 mg of weight. The differences of larvae’s weight, among Sarcophaga and Lucilia larvae, could not be determined because there were not enough samples. Chrysomya third instar larvae of cyanide group significantly heavier than control group on 4^th day. The differences of larvae weight, among Sarcophaga and Lucilia larvae, could not be determined because there were not enough samples.

(Z)-N-(2-Iodophenyl)-4-nitrobenzimidoyl cyanide

In the title molecule, C14H8IN3O2, the cyanide group isantito the iodide substituent of the adjacent benzene ring. The central segment is essentially planar (r.m.s deviation = 0.0341 Å) and it is twisted away from the iodide- and nitro-substituted benzene rings by 69.02 (9) and 15.83 (16)°, respectively. In the crystal, molecules are linked by weak C—H...N interactions, leading toC(8) chains along [010].

DPP-based small molecule, non-fullerene acceptors for “channel II” charge generation in OPVs and their improved performance in ternary cells

Three diketopyrrolopyrrole-thiophene-based small molecules were synthesized substituting electron-withdrawing cyanide group in different positions and introduced as acceptors in organic photovoltaic cells.