ELECTION PHENOMENON I THE PROBLEM OF IMPROVING THE ELECTRIC CULTURE OF THE POPULATION

The article is devoted to the socio-political, legal and terminological analysis of the concept of electronic culture, which is the main subject of the electoral process. Electoral culture was studied from the point of view of political science as an integral part of the political and legal culture of society. Electoral culture as a part of political culture was analyzed as a political phenomenon, which is reflected in determining the attitude of citizens towards the electoral process. The term “electoral culture” was studied as a stable sign of the attitude of the population, voters to elections and the practice of their conduct, as the dominant method of relations between voters and the authorities.

On the communicative nature of electronic culture

The Internet, as the global communication channel, is a factor systemically transforming all social reality. Digitalization of almost all spheres of life, communications virtualization and the expansion of network interactions lead to deep changes in the social structure, social institutions, sociocultural mechanisms for the functioning of society and revising ethical and legal norms. Transformation changes of a large-scale sociocultural context generate a new type of culture. The article gives the theoretical and methodological substantiation of the phenomenon of modern electronic culture within the communication approach. It is concluded that the formation of digital world culture is conditioned by all types of communication, allowing for the social and cultural interactions of individuals and social communities.

A COMPREHENSIVE CYBERSECURITY FRAMEWORK FOR AFGHANISTAN’S CYBERSPACE

Need for cyber security framework to protect the evolving ICT Infrastructure and Cyberspace in the modern information society does not need any emphasis. Given the importance of cyber space for country development, many countries have invested large amount of money for cyber space application. Since, based on official documents, Afghanistan is in the process of integrating ICT into its critical information infrastructure, to this end, the country may face various challenges including cyber security. Due to various potential threats and risks to Afghanistan cyber security, a comprehensive cyber security infrastructure and strategy is necessary. Accordingly, Afghanistan has introduced an ICT security law. However, nowadays internet is involving great portion of government and nongovernment sections. The country must introduce a comprehensive and appropriate cybersecurity framework and strategy to tackle all of the issues and risks related to this arena. With the introduction of different ICT based technologies in the country, Afghanistan is moving towards embracing electronic culture in its day-to-day dealings. As these technologies are becoming popular and being widely used, it is important to put in place technological infrastructure and legal frameworks, which will safeguard the private and enterprise data flowing through these ICT based infrastructures. The aim of this paper is to propose a comprehensive cybersecurity framework for Afghanistan’s cyberspace in order to protect and assure data, information and IT infrastructure security in cyberspace, enhance capacities to prevent and response to cyber threats, protect the nation from the risk and vulnerability, damage from modern cyber threats and incidents through a variety of standardized institutional structures, policies and procedures, and eventually establish and achieve a Safe – Secure and Resilient cyber space for the government, businesses and citizens of Afghanistan.

Obstacles Facing Teachers in Palestine While Implementing E-learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The study aims to identify the obstacles facing teachers in Palestine society while adopting e-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results show the most critical obstacle continues to be the infrastructure of the educational system. Other obstacles include technical support, the readiness of all stakeholders, and remote technological education skills and competencies. The study also shows many obstacles, including students’ failure to attend classes in full, assessment of students, and learning online. The study highlights the critical success factors for the adoption of e-learning. E-learning requires skills and competencies for both teachers and students. Teachers must also adopt various teaching methods accounting for individual differences, learning styles, and psychological support. Those teaching methods need advanced training before implementing them in Palestine. Additional recommendations were made including spreading electronic culture, increasing awareness of society partnership, enriching teacher education programs, conducting trainings for teachers, and conducting further researches similar to this study.

The reality of the application of electronic management in government secondary schools in the Kasbah of Mafraq from the viewpoint of teachers: واقع تطبيق الإدارة الإلكترونية في المدارس الحكومية الثانوية في قصبة المفرق من وجهة نظر المعلمين – الأردن

The study aimed to identify the reality of applying electronic management in secondary public schools in the Qasaba of Mafraq from the teachers' point of view. It also aimed to identify the differences between the arithmetic averages of the study sample according to the difference and the extent of the influence of the variables (gender, specialization and years of experience). On the sample answers, the study used the descriptive survey method, and the tool consisted of (a questionnaire) consisting of (27) items distributed on three axes. It was distributed on a simple random sample consisting of (180) male and female teachers in secondary schools in Qasbah Al Mafraq. The study found that the reality of electronic administration in secondary public schools in Kasbah Al Mafraq obtained an overall average (2.76), i.e. a medium degree. At the level of the axes, the electronic culture axis got the highest level, with an average of (2.97), It is followed by the axis of infrastructure and technical equipment with an average of (2.79), Finally, the electronic skills axis has an average of (2.52), and all of them have a grade of (medium). The results also showed that there are statistically significant differences on all axes due to the gender variable and in favor of females. And the presence of differences statistically significant for the variable of specializations and came in favor of humanity, and the absence of statistically significant differences attributed to the variable of experience. Among the most important recommendations of the study were the provision of technical training programs, and the holding of courses to support teachers' skills.

The value-reflexive attitude of Russians to the Internet (the case of Moscow and the Moscow Region)

Information and communication technologies, the Internet in particular, have a significant impact on all the aspects of social life. Therefore, it is necessary to study the problems, consequences, and scale of such influence in the sphere of different scientific disciplines (sociology, psychology, and cultural studies) as well as in the sphere of interdisciplinary discourse. There is a need for research adequate to the current situation of transition to a new technological mode, a digital society, which actualizes the demand for the formation of a new type of personality, a new elite. The new elite will be the bearers of the socio-cultural code of deep and systemic information processing, the owners of electronic culture on the basis of critical digital literacy and reflexivity. At the same time, specific empirical studies of recent years abroad and in Russia demonstrate the predominance of competences of information and communication technologies user, which is absolutely insufficient in the digital society. This research aims to analyze the value-reflexive attitude of Russians to the Internet based on the results of a specific sociological survey among the residents of Moscow and the Moscow Region, implemented under the guidance and direct participation of the authors of this article during the period of social restrictions imposed by state authorities in connection with the new coronavirus infection from April to November 2020 by online questionnaire. The research tools included a block of questions on the digitalization of the region, including a number of statements showing the value-reflexive attitude of the respondents to the Internet. The results show that the number of respondents, who regard the Internet as one of the modern civilizational values, exceeds the share of respondents who recognize the dangers of Internet addiction. The authors have revealed that an even smaller percentage of those aware of the relationship of Internet addiction and anonymity on the Internet with the destruction of moral and moral systems, the erasure of the boundaries of personal and public space, psychological problems. A significant proportion of those who exhibit dangerous symptoms of alienation from the real, physical and social world was recorded. It was determined that for the majority of respondents, the Internet space has not become a platform of freedom, creative fulfillment, a friendly environment. The article assumes that economic conditions could become the foundation for bringing people together in the Internet space. Intergenerational differences in the value-reflexive attitude to the Internet space are revealed. The authors draw attention to the fact that the elderly, as the bearers of the deep meanings of traditional cultural forms, reflect the risks and dangers of the Internet space to a greater extent than the young people and adults. The authors link the prospects for further research with the sociological monitoring, which will allow studying the dynamics of digitalization processes in the region, the impact of age characteristics of identity on the attitude to the Internet, and the formation of electronic culture.

The use of modern digital technologies in humanitarian universities as a requirement for the implementation of an activity-based approach in teaching

In this article the attention is paid to the need of revising the training system for specialists in humanitarian spheres. The purpose of the article is to analyze the implementation of e-learning and the formation of an e-culture of specialists in professional organizations, to study the ways of developing students’ independence by means of information and communication technologies, the usage of computer tools and systems for protecting digital resources, as well as the studying of e-learning introduction and the formation of an electronic culture of specialists in professional organizations.

The value-reflexive attitude of Russians to the Internet (the case of Moscow and the Moscow Region)

Information and communication technologies, the Internet in particular, have a significant impact on all the aspects of social life. Therefore, it is necessary to study the problems, consequences, and scale of such influence in the sphere of different scientific disciplines (sociology, psychology, and cultural studies) as well as in the sphere of interdisciplinary discourse. There is a need for research adequate to the current situation of transition to a new technological mode, a digital society, which actualizes the demand for the formation of a new type of personality, a new elite. The new elite will be the bearers of the socio-cultural code of deep and systemic information processing, the owners of electronic culture on the basis of critical digital literacy and reflexivity. At the same time, specific empirical studies of recent years abroad and in Russia demonstrate the predominance of competences of information and communication technologies user, which is absolutely insufficient in the digital society. This research aims to analyze the value-reflexive attitude of Russians to the Internet based on the results of a specific sociological survey among the residents of Moscow and the Moscow Region, implemented under the guidance and direct participation of the authors of this article during the period of social restrictions imposed by state authorities in connection with the new coronavirus infection from April to November 2020 by online questionnaire. The research tools included a block of questions on the digitalization of the region, including a number of statements showing the value-reflexive attitude of the respondents to the Internet. The results show that the number of respondents, who regard the Internet as one of the modern civilizational values, exceeds the share of respondents who recognize the dangers of Internet addiction. The authors have revealed that an even smaller percentage of those aware of the relationship of Internet addiction and anonymity on the Internet with the destruction of moral and moral systems, the erasure of the boundaries of personal and public space, psychological problems. A significant proportion of those who exhibit dangerous symptoms of alienation from the real, physical and social world was recorded. It was determined that for the majority of respondents, the Internet space has not become a platform of freedom, creative fulfillment, a friendly environment. The article assumes that economic conditions could become the foundation for bringing people together in the Internet space. Intergenerational differences in the value-reflexive attitude to the Internet space are revealed. The authors draw attention to the fact that the elderly, as the bearers of the deep meanings of traditional cultural forms, reflect the risks and dangers of the Internet space to a greater extent than the young people and adults. The authors link the prospects for further research with the sociological monitoring, which will allow studying the dynamics of digitalization processes in the region, the impact of age characteristics of identity on the attitude to the Internet, and the formation of electronic culture.

Ethical Threats and Existential Safety

Amidst the development of various manifestations of modern electronic culture, security, communication, and ethics issues are acquiring new features and actualization. An objective of the research is a theoretical analysis of the issues of information ethics in the information and communication environment and threats to existential security. The features of the development of information ethics in electronic culture, associated with a high level of liberalism, utilitarianism, as well as antinomy in solving the problem of freedom and security in the digital environment are revealed. Some ethical issues of virtual communication in the “human-human” and “human-AI” systems are disclosed, the main risks in this area are systematized.

DIGITAL REVOLUTION AND ELECTRONIC CULTURE

В статье анализируется сущность понятия «цифровая революция» и ее проявления. Делается вывод, что следствием цифровой революции стало возникновение и развитие нового типа культуры - электронной культуры. Ее особенностями являются доступность, дистанционность, стирание различий между объектом и субъектом, расширение их степени свободы, доминирование визуального над знаково-символическим, динамичность, усиление роли виртуальной реальности в бытии человека и общества, ориентация на игровую деятельность. Автор показывает, что электронная культура выполняет все основные функции, присущие феномену культуры, и имеет две разновидности: культуру, являющуюся электронной по своей форме, и культуру, которая является электронной и по форме, и по содержанию. University of social Sciences and management of Bamako, Republic of Mali The article analyzes the essence of the concept of «digital revolution» and its manifestations. It is concluded that the digital revolution resulted in the emergence and development of a new type of culture - electronic culture. Its features are accessibility, distance, blurring the differences between the object and the subject, expanding their degree of freedom, the dominance of the visual over the symbolic, dynamism, strengthening the role of virtual reality in the existence of man and society, orientation to gaming activities. The author shows that e-culture performs all the main functions inherent in the phenomenon of culture and has two varieties: culture, which is electronic in its form, and culture, which is electronic in its form and content.