ISPA Pada Balita Di Desa Samba Danum UPTD Puskesmas Tumbang Samba Kecamatan Katingan Tengah

Abstrak Latar Belakang:Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) arise due to infection with agents with human to human transmission and symptoms can appear in a short time. Menurut hasil laporan bulanan yang didapatkan dari Puskesmas Tumbang Samba jumlah penderita ISPA pada 2 bulan terakhir mengalami peningkatan dari 22,6% menjadi 30,1%. Berdasarkan kasus yang terjadi pada balita di Puskesmas Tumbang Samba jumlah kunjungan rata-rata pasien ISPA sebanyak 276 balita setiap tahun. Studi ini dilakukan untuk menilai faktor-faktor apa saja yang berhubungan dengan kejadian penyakit ISPA pada balita di Desa Samba Danum Wilayah Kerja UPTD Puskesmas Tumbang Samba Kecamatan Katingan Tengah Tahun 2021. Metode: Studi cross sectional dilakukan pada Desember 2020 sampai Januari 2021 dengan sampel 165 responden yang dipilih secara puposive sampling. Kuesioner digunakan untuk mengumpulkan variabel umur, status gizi, status imunisasi dan ISPA. Data dianalisis bivariat dengan uji Chi Square. Hasil: Hasil penelitian ini menemukan sebanyak 91 balita (55.2%) mengalami ISPA. Proporsi tertinggi ditemukan pada umur balita (21.8%), balita gizi baik (67.9%), imunisasi tidak lengkap (66,1%). Hasil Chi Square menunjukan terdapat hubungan antara umur dan status imunisasi dengan kejadian ISPA, sedangkan status gizi tidak terdapat hubungan dengan kejadian ISPA. Kata kunci: Kejadian ISPA, Umur, Status Gizi, Status Imunisasi Abstract Background: Acute Respiratory Infection or ARI is a respiratory tract disease caused by infectious agent, and is transmitted from human to human with symptoms usually appearing quickly. According to the results of monthly reports obtained from the Tumbang Samba Public Health Center, the number of patients with ARI in the last 2 months has increased from 22.6% to 30.1%. Based on cases that occurred in toddlers at the Tumbang Samba Health Center, the average number of visits for ARI patients was 276 toddlers every year. This study was conducted to assessed related factors associated with the incidence of ARI in children under five in Samba Danum Village, the Working Area of the UPTD Puskesmas Tumbang Samba, Central Katingan District in 2021. Method:The cross sectional study was conducted from December 2020 to January 2021 with a sample of 165 respondents who were selected by purposive sampling. Questionnaires were used to collect variables of age, nutritional status, immunization status and ARI. Data were analyzed bivariate with Chi Square test. Result:The results of this study found that 91 children under five (55.2%) had ARI. The highest proportion was found at the age of toddlers (21.8%), well-nourished children (67.9%), incomplete immunization (66.1%). Chi Square results show that there is a relationship between age and immunization status with the incidence of ARI, while nutritional status has no relationship with the incidence of ARI. Keywords: ARI, age, nutritional status, immunization status

Nutritional and immunization status of under-five children of India and Bangladesh

Background The nutritional and immunization status of children can play an important role in determining their future health status of a particular country. The aim of the present study is to investigate the nutritional and immunization status of under-five children in India and Bangladesh, and to find the difference in the status between these two countries. Methods We have used the National Family Health Survey data, 2015–2016 of India and Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey, 2017–2018 datasets. The sample sizes are 222,418, among them 8759 and 8759 children for India and Bangladesh respectively. The nutritional status of under-five children is measured by standard anthropometric indicators of height-for-age (HAZ) and weight-for-age (WAZ). Regarding child immunization status, only BCG, DPT, polio and measles vaccinations are considered for the present study. Multiple binary logistic model has been used for analysing the data. Results This study reveals that the prevalence of stunting and underweight of under-five children in India are higher than Bangladeshi children. Secondary and higher educated mothers are more likely of having normal HAZ and WAZ children than up to primary educated mothers for both countries. Chances of having normal HAZ and WAZ are higher among non-poor category for both countries. The present study also shows that immunization status of Bangladeshi children is better than Indian children except measles. Religion of mother also shows influence on immunization status of children in India whereas Bangladesh shows no significant results regarding religion. Mother’s educational attainment and wealth index show influence on immunization status among children for both countries. Conclusions The study concludes that a remarkable number of under-five children are suffering from under nutrition for both countries, however Bangladeshi children have better nutritional and immunization status compared to Indian children. Higher wealth index, better educational attainment and lower unemployment of Bangladeshi mothers may be the causes for better nutritional and immunization status of children. Mother’s socio-economic factors have significant impact on determining the child’s health status. Our findings can help to government of Indian and Bangladesh for taking health policy to improve under-five children nutritional and immunization status.

Determinan Stunting pada Balita Usia 12-59 Bulan di Puskesmas Bojongsari Kota Depok

Introduction: Specifically for the 12-24 month age group, the report on the results of weighing children under five at the sub-district level in Depok City shows that the Depok sub-district is the sub-district that has the highest prevalence of stunting (22.3%). Objectives: This study aims to determine whether there is a relationship between birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding, immunization status, and infant and child feeding on the incidence of stunting in toddlers at the Bojongsari Health Center in 2021. Method: Respondents in this study were mothers who had stunted toddlers aged 12-59 months who were located in the Bojongsari Health Center area. This research is quantitative research with the analytic method with a cross-sectional approach. The population taken by toddlers who experienced stunting amounted to 130 respondents and the number of samples was 97 respondents. The sampling technique used was the Lemeshow formula with purposive sampling. The types of data used are secondary and primary data with univariate and bivariate analysis. The data were processed using SPSS 25. Result: The results of the Chi-square statistical test for birth weight variables (p-value = 0.027), exclusive breastfeeding (p-value = 0.038), immunization status (p-value = 0.036) and infant feeding and child (p-value=0.000). Conclusion: There is a relationship between birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding, immunization status, and infant and child feeding on the incidence of stunting in toddlers aged 12-59 months at the Bojongsari Health Center, Depok City in 2021.

Vaccine Knowledge, Awareness and Hesitancy: A Cross Sectional Survey among Parents Residing at Sandakan District, Sabah

Background: Incomplete childhood immunization against communicable diseases is a major concern and vaccine hesitancy remains a hurdle to overcome in primary vaccination programs. This study was to examine the parents’ vaccine knowledge, awareness and hesitancy in relation to their children’s immunization status. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire study design was used. The parents who brought their children for immunization visit or follow-up at four public health clinics located in Sandakan district were invited to participate in this survey. Informed consent was obtained before each participant completed a hard copy of self-administered questionnaire in either English or Malay versions. Results: Of 405 parents responded, they generally had good knowledge and awareness of vaccines, only a small percentage (6.8%) of parents were found vaccine hesitant. There were significant differences in vaccine knowledge and awareness in those from different education levels and employment status; similarly, these two factors also significantly affected the vaccine hesitancy among the parents. The parents’ knowledge score was found to be moderately associated with their awareness (r = 0.551, p < 0.01) and inversely correlated to vaccine hesitancy (r = −0.397, p < 0.01). Most of the children (n = 376, 92.8%) in the study were immunized. The children’s immunization status was significantly associated with the parents’ education level (p = 0.025). There was also a significant difference in the total vaccine knowledge scores between the groups of parents with different child immunization status (p = 0.05). Conclusion: This study revealed that parents with higher education had a better knowledge of vaccinations, were less vaccine hesitant and were more likely to ensure that their children complete the recommended course of immunization. It is crucial to ensure parents are well-informed about the safety and efficacy of vaccines so that the children are protected from communicable diseases by the child vaccination program.

572. Real-world Effectiveness of COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines against Hospitalizations and Deaths in a Retrospective Cohort

Background The effectiveness of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 vaccines after two doses needs to be demonstrated beyond clinical trials. Methods In a retrospective cohort assembled from a cross-institution comprehensive data repository, established patients of the health care system were categorized as having received no doses, one dose or two doses of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine through April 4, 2021. Outcomes were COVID-19 related hospitalization and death. Results Of 94,018 patients 27.7% had completed two doses and 3.1% had completed one dose of a COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. The two dose group was older with more comorbidities. 1.0% of the two dose group had a COVID-19 hospitalization, compared to 4.0% and 2.7% in the one dose and no dose groups respectively. The adjusted Cox proportional-hazards model based vaccine effectiveness after two doses (vs. no dose) was 96%(95% confidence interval(CI):95–97), compared to 78%(95%CI:76–82) after one dose. After two doses, vaccine effectiveness for COVID-19 mortality was 97.9%(95%CI:91.7–99.5), and 53.5%(95%CI:0.28–80.8) after one dose. Vaccine effectiveness at preventing hospitalization was conserved across age, race, ethnicity, Area Deprivation Index and Charlson Comorbidity Indices. Cohort Enrollment and Distribution by Immunization Status and Vaccine effectiveness against mortality Cohort members are described by their immunization status and hospitalization at the end of the study period ending April 4th, 2021. Percentages compare this population to the total established patients. Each group is then divided into when hospitalized events occurred across immunization status. These percentages compare the number of events to the population in the immunization status at the end of the analysis period. Odds ratios for mortality were calculated and vaccine effectiveness calculated as 1 minus odds ratio times 100%. Conclusion In a large, diverse US cohort, receipt of two doses of an mRNA vaccine was highly effective in the real-world at preventing COVID-19 related hospitalizations and deaths with a substantive difference in effectiveness between one and two doses. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

RIWAYAT STATUS IMUNISASI DASAR BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN BALITA STUNTING

Background: According to the World Health Organization (WHO) 2018, the prevalence of stunting in Indonesia is the third country with the highest prevalence in the Southeast Asia Region (SEAR). The average prevalence of children under five in Indonesia in 2005-2017 was 36.4%. In West Java the incidence of stunting is 29.9% and in Sumedang Regency the figure is still quite high at 36%, and based on data from the Jatinangor Health Center in 2020 there are 60 stunting toddlers.Purpose: The purpose to analyze the relationship between the history of basic immunization status and the incidence of in toddler in Hegarmanah Village, Jatinangor District in 2020.Methods: This research design is a quantitative research conducted in Hegarmanah Village in November. This study use a case control design with a ratio of 1:1. The case group of this study was stunting and the control group was non-stunted. The groups of stunting and non-stunted toddlers were determined by a matching system of age and gender categorization. Sampling used proportionate stratified random technique. The sample in this study were stunted and non-stunted toddlers with a total sample of 120 respondents, 60 case groups and 60 control groups. The research instrument is a questionnaire and a microtoise to measure height. Bivariate analysis was carried out with Chi-Square and Odds Ratio testsResults: The results showed that 30 (25%) stunting toddlers aged 24-<36 months, 23 (19%) toddlers aged 24-<36 months and 19 (16%) boys with a history of incomplete basic immunization status . Bivariate analysis was carried out with Chi-Square and Odds Ratio tests with a 95% confidence level obtained (p = 0.000) with OR and CI (4.958 (2.074-11.852)). This states that there is a relationship between the history of basic immunization status on the incidence of stunting under five in Hegarmanah Village, Jatinangor District.Conclusion: There is a relationship between the history of basic immunization status on the incidence of stunting in toddlers in Hegarmanah Village, Jatinangor District with a value of p<0.05 (p=0.00<0.05) and there is a risk of stunting in toddlers with incomplete immunization 4.9 times compared to toddlers with complete immunization.Suggestion Future researchers are expected to be able to further investigate what types of immunization can affect stunting. Keywords: Relationship, Stunting, Basic Immunization, Toddler ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Menurut World Health Organization (WHO) data prevalensi kejadian stunting Indonesia termasuk negara ketiga dengan prevalensi tertinggi di regional Asia Tenggara /South-East Asia Regional (SEAR). Rata-rata prevalensi balita di Indonesia tahun 2005-2017 adalah 36,4%. Di Jawa Barat angka kejadian stunting yaitu 29,9% dan di Kabupaten Sumedang angkanya masih cukup tinggi yaitu sebesar 36%, dan berdasarkan data Puskesmas Jatinangor pada tahun 2020 terdapat 60 balita stunting.Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan riwayat status imunisasi dasar dengan kejadian balita stunting di Desa Hegarmanah Kecamatan Jatinangor Tahun 2020.Metode: Rancangan penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif yang dilakukan di Desa Hegarmanah pada Bulan November. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain case control dengan perbandingan 1:1. Kelompok kasus penelitian ini yaitu stunting dan kontrol yaitu non stunting. Kelompok balita stunting dan non stunting ditentukan dengan sistem matching kategorisasi usia dan jenis kelamin. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik proportionate stratified random. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah balita yang stunting dan non stunting dengan jumlah sampel 120 responden, sebanyak 60 kelompok kasus dan 60 kelompok kontrol. Instrumen penelitian ini yaitu kuisioner dan microtoise untuk mengukur tinggi badan. Analisis bivariate dilakukan uji Chi-Square dan Odds RatioHasil: Hasil penelitian didapatkan 30 (25%) balita stunting dengan usia 24-<36 bulan, 23 (19%) balita usia 24-<36 bulan dan 19 (16%) balita laki-laki dengan riwayat status imunisasi dasar yang tidak lengkap. Analisis bivariate dilakukan uji Chi-Square dan Odds Ratio dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95% didapatkan (p=0,000) dengan OR dan CI (4,958 (2,074-11,852)).Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara riwayat status imunisasi dasar pada kejadian balita stunting di Desa Hegarmanah Kecamatan Jatinangor dengan nilai p<0,05 (p=0.00<0.05) serta terdapat risiko kejadian stunting pada balita dengan imunasi tidak lengkap 4,9 kali dibanding balita dengan imunisasi yang lengkap.Saran Peneliti selanjutnya diharapkan dapat meneliti lebih lanjut mengenai jenis imunisasi apa yang dapat mempengaruhi stunting. Kata kunci : Hubungan, Stunting, Imunisasi Dasar, Balita

Analisis Peran Kader terhadap Cakupan Imunisasi Dasar Lengkap di Posyandu Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kereng Bangkirai Palangka Raya

The coverage of child immunization in WHO member countries (World Health Organization) has reached 90%; it is estimated that 85% of babies worldwide have been immunized. But there are still 19.3% million babies and children who have not fully received vaccinations at risk of developing PD3I. In Central Kalimantan PD3I cases, namely tetanus neonatrum, 2 cases died with no immunization status, measles had 569 cases with 424 cases of non- immunization status, diphtheria had 2 cases with non-immunization status. For the City of Palangka Raya, the PD3I case is measles suspicion, 260 cases with 197 cases not immunized, diphtheria 1 case with immunization status, Kereng Bangkirai Community Health Center. There are 2 cases of measles suspected. This study aims to determine the relationship of the role of cadres with complete basic immunization coverage in infants aged 0-11 months at the Posyandu in Kereng Bangkirai Health Center, Palangka Raya City. The study used correlational research; the study design was cross-sectional with an accidental sampling technique, the number of respondents was 35. The results of Chi-Square analysis obtained a value of 0.003 <(α = 0.05), thenH1 was accepted, there was a relationship between the role of cadres with complete basic immunization coverage in infants aged 0-11 months at Posyanduin Kereng Bangkirai Health Center, Palangka Raya City. It can be concluded that the role of important cadres in complete basic immunization, especially in providing information and motivation about the importance of immunization to improve health status in the community. Research sites are expected to motivate parents to pay attention to the completeness of immunizations to their babies and provide information on the importance of immunization.

To study the immunization status of children aged 1-5 years admitted to department of pediatrics, Lala Lajpat Rai & Associated Hospitals, GSVM Medical College, Kanpur

The Present study was conducted in the Department of Pediatrics of Lala Lajpat Rai & Associated Hospital GSVM Medical College, Kanpur. All the children aged between 1-5 years, admitted in Department of Pediatrics were asked to participate in this study. Information regarding vaccination, socio-demographic factors was collected from their parents and care takers. Accuracy and validity of information were confirmed by immunization card in possible situation and inspection for BCG scar. Hospital based descriptive cross-sectional study.In upper class, 100% of children were completely immunized. In upper middle class, 80.8% children had complete and 19.1% partial immunization status. No one remained unimmunized in upper middle class. In lower middle class, 33.9% of children were completely immunized, 59.6% partially immunized and 6.4% remained unimmunized.Children who were 1stin birth order, had maximum immunization coverage (44.8%). Minimum immunization coverage was in birth order &#62;4 (3.2%). P value is &#60;0.001, indicates the significant relation between birth order and immunization status. As birth order increased, immunization coverage decreased. In this present hospital based descriptive cross –sectional study, we found that 51.2% children were fully immunized, 45.6% were partially immunized and 3.2% children were unimmunized as per National immunization schedule. Children belonging to upper class were 100% completely immunized. In upper middle class 80.8% children in lower middle class 33.9%, in upper lower class 55.7% and in lower class 50.9% children were completely immunized respectively. In lower class immunization coverage was higher than lower middle class. Droprate for BCG to pentavalent 1 was 10.64%, similarly dropout from BCG to measles was 12.7%. Dropout rate of pentavalent 1 to pentavalent 2 was 1.4%, pentavalent2 to pentavalent3 was 2.6%. It indicates that system is not able to hold the child once registered. Steps for improvement should focus on reducing the drop rate from BCG to pentavalent and measles.