New characterizations of S-coherent rings

In this paper, we introduce and study the class [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-ML of [Formula: see text]-Mittag-Leffler modules with respect to all flat modules. We show that a ring [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text]-coherent if and only if every ideal is in [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-ML, if and only if [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-ML is closed under submodules. As an application, we obtain the [Formula: see text]-version of Chase Theorem: a ring [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text]-coherent if and only if any direct product of copies of [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text]-flat, if and only if any direct product of flat [Formula: see text]-modules is [Formula: see text]-flat. Consequently, we provide an answer to the open question proposed by Bennis and El Hajoui [On [Formula: see text]-coherence, J. Korean Math. Soc. 55(6) (2018) 1499–1512].

Analyzing Second Language Written Summaries at University Level

Objective: The objectives of the study are to identify and categorize non-native students´ errors in the written summaries, to see which research instruments – the mobile reading app (experimental group) or internet-based article (control group) are more effective, and to determine if language proficiency of students will improve. Methods: This study uses an analysis of linguistic-stylistic errors as a research method on the written performance of 29 EFL Slovak students in 29 written summaries. Findings: The findings indicate that the most problematic areas in writing summaries were grammatical (determiners), followed by stylistic (text coherence, slang words, and punctuation), lexical (word collocations), and lexico-stylistic errors (prepositions). Overall, students´ proficiency in both groups rose from B2 to C1 level by 38% of the students (11 students). Therefore, both methods – the reading app and internet-based articles are effective. Novelty: The novelty of the study consists in enriching the existing literature by pointing out errors of EFL Slovak students making in writing summaries by exploiting modern technology in the writing process. Doi: 10.28991/esj-2021-01322 Full Text: PDF

Qurʾan and Contemporary Analysis

Contemporary analysis of the Qurʾan is marked by a significant turn from source- and historical-critical into textual analytical approaches, allowing more than ever before for the literary and linguistic components of the text to be uncovered using systematic applications of the methodology derived from contemporary literary theory and linguistics. Such textual approaches existed in the classical Islamic period, such as in works of Ibn al-Anbari, ar-Rummani, Abu Bakr al-Bāqillānī, ʿAbd al-Qāhir al-Jurjānī, and al-Shāṭibī. While maintaining the Islamic theological principle of the Qurʾan’s divine inimitability, those authors analyzed the text from their contemporary literary and linguistic viewpoints. Alternatively, early Western works, dating back to the earliest translations of the Qurʾan into Latin in the 12th century by Robert of Ketton, were marked by polemical attitudes and attention to debating the message of the Qurʾan from Christian theological viewpoints. In the early 20th century, while reformists Muḥammad ʿAbduh and Rashid Ridda in the Middle East called for moving the stagnant waters of Islamic scholarship at the time to produce relevant modern interpretation of the Qurʾan, Western scholars continued to build on the efforts of 19th-century scholars such as Geiger, Hirschfeld, Weil, and Nöldeke, among others, to establish the sources of the Qurʾan’s Judeo-Christian materials through philological and biblical research, and to reproduce a revised Qurʾan based on the chronological order of revelations. However, in the second half of the 20th century, a considerable shift in approach took place, with contemporary scholars such as Montgomery Watt (b. 1909–d. 2006), Kenneth Cragg (b. 1913–d. 2012) and others calling for a change in Western academic attitudes in writing about Islamic topics. While older diachronic source- and historical-critical approaches did not entirely lose their appeal in the postmodern era, which can be seen particularly since the 1980s in the works of Griffith, Reynolds, Neuwirth, Sinai, Witztum, Crone, and Zellentin, the new more text-oriented synchronic approaches analyze the text of Qurʾan as used by Muslims from thematic, structural, linguistic and literary points of views. On the way to a more objective and increasingly systematized approach to the study of the Qurʾanic text, several complementary and competing theories are utilized, either developed within Qurʾanic studies or borrowed from linguistics, literary criticism, and critical discourse analysis approaches. Also, many scholars adopted a combination of historical and textual approaches in attempts to reach deeper and more contextualized understanding of this complex text. Areas such as the thematic unity of the text, coherence and textual relations, and literary analysis of various aspects of the text and its language and linguistics are gaining increasing popularity in recent publications among scholars both in the East and in the West.

What’s a term? An attempt to define the term within the theoretical framework of text linguistics

In texts for specific purposes, terms adopt a behaviour which is contrary to the prescriptive demands of traditional terminology. Indeed, they exhibit variability both on the level of their meaning content and on the level of their linear structure. Their meaning contents are not fixed, but may be changed by the language user’s verbal and non-verbal activities. Their linear structures are not fixed, but can be adjusted to the cha racteristics of their linguistic environment, specifically the sentence or sequence of sentences in which they are being used. Examined within the framework of text linguistics, it becomes clear that this variability con- tributes to two basic characteristics of any body of sentences which constitutes a text, namely text coherence and text cohesion. Consequently, the aim of this article is to propose a new definition of the term, a definition which underscores the role the term plays in bringing about texture in texts for specific purposes.

Coherence in mediation activities at B1 and B2 levels

The aim of this article is to analyze the issue of textual consistency in the context of mediation activities at B1 and B2 levels (in the context of French as Foreign Language). First, we look at the question of text coherence that we analyze from both linguistic and didactic perspectives because the latter draws a lot from the contributions of pragmatics. As our research is in the context of teaching/learning foreign languages, we treat cohesion as one of the linguistic phenomena impacting coherence. In the following, our text deals with mediation as one of the activities to be developed in the language class. We are convinced that this type of language activity requires the learner to master logical connectors, which could make the mediated text coherent and - consequently - faithful to the source text. It is in this perspective that our research is situated, which concludes the article. We analyzed students' certification exams in French (at B1 and B2 levels) to see which logical connectors they used to mediate an oral and written. To do this, we developed a corpus that was submitted for analysis. The results of our study show that the list of logical connectors to which the students used is far from being representative for the given levels (B1 and B2 in this case), which allowed us to formulate pedagogical guidelines and questions for future research.

Criteria for evaluating literary translation: Buryat-Russian parallels

Extensive translation experience, corresponding theories and concepts, and taking into account the needs of modern society for literary translation are the criteria for evaluating a literary text translation nowadays. The paper offers stages to form the like criteria for evaluating a translated literary text as an integrative multicomponent model. It takes into account aesthetic information, text coherence, systemic dominants and frequency of style features, diachronic distance, the translator’s individual style, the target language literary norm and society’s needs specifics. The components might be taken as nuclear ones while considering translations of the past and present, as well as a two-step translation through an intermediary language. However, when we are faced with translations from Russia’s regional languages into Russian, the named general criteria are not enough, since we ought to implement the strategy of cultural self-realization as well. Buryat-Russian translation parallels have made the authors come to a new criterion model.