Pembentukan Keluarga Sakinah Mawaddah Warahmah menurut Undang – Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 dan Kompilasi Hukum Islam

<p><em>The formation of a </em><em>sakinah mawaddah</em><em> and </em><em>rahmah</em><em> family is a family that is desired by every married person. </em><em>The</em><em> purpose of a marriage and the application of the rights and obligations of husband and wif</em><em>e,</em><em> </em><em>because</em><em> in this day and age we see many marriages that do not last long</em><em>.</em><em> </em><em>T</em><em>his encourages the author to write an article that will discuss how to build a </em><em>sakinah-mawaddah-warahmah</em><em> family in accordance with the </em><em>M</em><em>arriage </em><em>L</em><em>aw and </em><em>Islamic Law Compilation (</em><em>KHI</em><em>)</em><em>. The writing method use</em><em>d a</em><em> literature studies that take from existing books and writings. In this paper, there are efforts to establish a household, namely those contained in articles 30-34 of the </em><em>Marrige </em><em>Law and </em><em>a</em><em>rticle 77 KHI and also solutions to the formation of the sam</em><em>awa</em><em> household. The solution is to maintain communication relationships, biological needs, appearance</em><em>s and </em><em>regulate the family</em><em> </em><em>economy.</em></p><p> </p><p><em>Pembentukan keluarga yang sakinah mawaddah dan rahmah merupakan sebuah keluarga yang diinginkan oleh setiap orang yang sudah menikah. Tujuan dari sebuah perkawinan dan penerapan hak dan kewajiban suami istri, karena di zaman sekarang banyak kita lihat pernikahan-pernikahan yang tidak berlangsung lama. Hal tersebut mendorong penulis untuk menulis sebuah tulisan yang akan membahas tentang bagaimana membangun keluarga yang sakinah-mawaddah-warahmah sesuai dengan Undang-undang perkawinan dan KHI. Metode penulisan menggunakan studi literatur yang mengambil dari buku dan tulisan yang sudah ada. Dalam tulisan ini terdapat upaya pembentukan rumahtangga yaitu yang terdapat pada pasal 30-34 UUP dan pasal 77 KHI dan juga solusi pembentukan rumah tangga yang samawa. Adapun solusinya yaitu menjaga hubungan komunikasi, kebutuhan biologis, menjaga penampilan dan mengatur ekonomi keluarga.</em></p>

Gṛhastha

Much has been written about the Indian ascetic, but hardly any scholarly attention has been paid to the householder, generally referred to in Sanskrit as gṛhastha, “the stay-at-home.” The institution of the householder is viewed implicitly as posing little historical problems with regard to its origin or meaning. The current volume problematizes the figure of the householder within ancient Indian culture and religion. It shows that the term gṛhastha is a neologism and is understandable only in its opposition to the ascetic who goes away from home (pravrajita). Through a thorough and comprehensive analysis of a wide range of inscriptions and texts, ranging from the Vedas, Dharmaśāstras, Epics, and belle-lettres to Buddhist and Jain texts and works on governance and erotics, this volume analyzes the meanings, functions, and roles of the householder from the earliest times until about the fifth century CE. The central finding of these studies is that the householder bearing the name gṛhastha is not simply a married man with a family but someone dedicated to the same or similar goals as an ascetic while remaining at home and performing the economic and ritual duties incumbent on him. The gṛhastha is thus not simply a married person living at home with his family, that is, a general descriptor of a householder, for whom there are many other Sanskrit terms, but a religiously charged concept that is intended as a full-fledged and superior alternative to the concept of a religious renouncer.

Zinā (Adultery and Fornication)

Beginning with the juridical meaning and attributes of zinā, this chapter proceeds with its proof by witnesses and confession, followed by issues over rape and the position of pregnancy as a proof. Then it expounds the definition of a muḥṣan (married) person, issues over stoning as a punishment of zinā, and a roundup of modern opinion on the validity of stoning. The chapter ends with a section on homosexuality, incest, and lesbianism.

Subjective Population of Personality: Socio-Psychological Aspects

The paper is aimed at identifying the influence of socio-psychological factors on the formation of subjective wellbeing of a married person. The following methods were used: questionnaire, psycho diagnostic techniques for investigating satisfaction with marriage, personal self-fulfillment in the family (on the operational level and the level of values and role sets), socio-psychological adaptation, conformity of family values and role expectations in marriage. The data about the content, structural components (cognitive and evaluation, value and motivational, emotional and behavioral) and functions (regulatory, prognostic, developmental) of subjective well-being of a married person have been presented. Socio-psychological factors of subjective well-being of a married person have been specified

La oposición del régimen económico matrimonial y la protección del tercero en Derecho Internacional Privado =The opposition of the matrimonial property regime and the protection of the third party in Private International Law

Resumen: El presente trabajo tiene como objeto el estudio de la protección que el tercero que se relaciona con persona casada tiene en el ordenamiento jurídico español. Este estudio, aunque no en exclusiva, se centrará en las soluciones que el Derecho internacional privado español brinda al respecto. La contratación entre particulares donde existe un elemento de extranjería está a la orden día, no es una ninguna novedad. Sin embargo, cuando uno de los contratantes no cumple con lo pactado y se convierte en deudor, la otra parte (el tercero) puede quedar en una situación de desprotección si dicho deudor es una persona casada. Tal desprotección no es por el hecho de su estado civil, sino debido a que el hecho de estar casado implica cambios en el patrimonio y de cómo éste debe responder en el tráfico jurídico. En definitiva, tener información sobre el régimen económico matrimonial de las personas con las que se contrata es importante. Pero aun así, hay muchas ocasiones en las que dicha información no existe en un Registro público español, o aun existiendo la información, ésta es errónea, por lo que el tercero queda en una situación incierta que debería intentar mitigar.Palabras clave: régimen económico matrimonial, tercero, ley aplicable, cónyuges, deuda.Abstract: This paper studies the protection the Spanish legal order gives to a third party who is related with a married person. This study, although not exclusively, will focus on the solutions that Spanish private international law provides in this regard. The contracts where there is a foreigner element are not a novelty. However, when one of the parties fails to comply with the agreement and becomes a debtor, the other party (the third party) may be in a situation of lack of protection if said debtor is a married person. Such lack of protection is not due to the fact of his marital status, it is because being married implies changes in the patrimony and how this must respond in the legal traffic. In short, having information about the matrimonial property regime of the people with whom you contract is essential. But even so, there are many occasions that such information does not exist in a Spanish Public Registry, or although it is existed, is wrong, so the third is in an uncertain situation that must alleviate.Keywords: matrimonial property regime, third, applicable law, spouses, debt.

EL CONCURSO DE ACREEDORES Y EL RÉGIMEN ECONÓMICO MATRIMONIAL DE COMUNICACIÓN FORAL

La presentación y tramitación de un concurso de acreedores de una persona física, especialmente si está casada, a pesar de ser una realidad con la que se encuentran los diversos operadores jurídicos, no ha sido objeto del debido tratamiento en la ley concursal. En el presente estudio se analizan diversas cuestiones que suscita el concurso de acreedores de persona física casada, en caso de que esté sujeta al régimen económico matrimonial de comunicación foral, con especial atención a la regulación contenida en el artículo 77.2 de la ley concursal en relación con la determinación de la masa activa y la facultad del cónyuge del concursado para solicitar la disolución de la comunidad conyugal. Konkurtso Legean ez da behar bezala landu pertsona fisiko baten hartzekodunen konkurtsoaren aurkezpena eta tramitazioa, batez ere ezkonduen kasuan, nahiz eta eragile juridikoek beren lanean topatzen duten errealitatea izan. Ikerketa honetan pertsona fisiko ezkonduaren hartzekodunen konkurtsoak sortzen dituen hainbat kontu aztertzen dira, zehazki, foru-komunikazioko ezkontzako araubide ekonomikoari lotuta baldin badago. Konkurtso Legearen 77.2. artikuluan jasotako erregulazioari erreparatzen zaio bereziki, masa aktiboa eta konkurtsopekoaren ezkontidearen ezkontza-erkidegoa desegiteko ahalaz hausnartzea egin nahian. The submission and procedure for the creditor¿s meeting by a natural person, specially in case of a married person, despite being a situation whom with several legal actors have to deal, it is not handled by the Act on voluntary bankruptcy. In this study, several questions that arise from creeditor¿s meeting by a married natural legal person are studied, if the person is subjected to the marriage settlement of foral communication, and with special attention to the rules of section 77.2 of the Act on voluntary bankruptcy in relation to the determination of the active assets and the spouse¿s right of the insolvent to ask for the dissolution of the conjugal community.

What's Foreign and What's Familiar?

One of my favorite anthropological anecdotes is one Renato Rosaldo tells from his fieldwork among the Ilongots in the highland Philippines in the late 1960s. He was interviewing a very elderly woman about kinship and marriage and raised the topic of adultery. Did it ever happen, he wondered, that a married person became the lover of someone other than his or her spouse? The woman, uneasy and embarrassed, acknowledged that she did recall a few occasions when this had happened among the Ilongots:At one point she stopped short in mid-tale and asked, “Does this kind of thing happen in your country?” I laughed. Hoping to reassure her, I said that Americans committed adultery much more often than Ilongots. […] A look of shock spread over her face as she asked, “You mean it's spread?” (101)

The Influence of Aggravating or Mitigating Personal Characteristics on the Liability of the Participants

Personal characteristics may be relevant to criminal liability in one of two cases. Firstly, in offences which can only be committed by an actor with a special status (offences of delicta propria): for example, bigamy, committed by a “married person”; perjury which only a “witness” can commit; corruption by a “public servant”. Secondly, where the personal characteristic either aggravates or mitigates the basic offence. Thus, in Israeli law, parricide —killing one's parents—defined in sec. 300(a)(1) of the Penal Law, 1977, is an aggravated form of manslaughter; while infanticide—where a mother kills her newborn baby is, according to sec. 303(a) of the Law, a mitigated form of either murder or manslaughter. Similarily, stealing by an employee, according to sec. 391 of the Penal Law, is an aggravated form of theft; and stealing by public servant, according to sec. 390, is an even more aggravated form of stealing by employee.In this paper I shall limit myself to the second set of characteristics. My aim is to examine the solution required under the law of complicity in instances where the personal characteristic, which either aggravates or mitigates the offence, obtains only in one of the participants. Will the secondary party, who either instigated or aided a son to kill his father, be held liable as an accomplice to the aggravated offence of parricide committed by the son? Will a similar conclusion be applied where the accomplice instigated infanticide? What about an employee who aided another to steal from his employer? And to what offence will the principal offender in that case be held liable?

Married is Better: Attitudes toward Single Persons as a Function of Their Age

In a study of attitudes toward older single people subjects were given a brief description of a target person which varied that character's marital status (single or married), age (25 or 35 yr.), and sex, and were asked to rate the character on a variety of evaluative dimensions. As hypothesized, the older single person was evaluated less positively on social dimensions than the younger single person or the married person of either age. However, no interaction between marital status and age occurred on professional dimensions. Further, contrary to hypothesis, older single women were not evaluated more negatively than older single men. The disparity in results between the social and professional dimensions is discussed.