Kesantunan Interogatif Bahasa Jawa dalam Menanyakan Petunjuk Arah

This research is motivated by someone's unpleasant experience when asking directions in Javanese (BJ). Because it is considered impolite, the answer that person gets is wrong and unpleasant. Therefore, this study seeks to formulate BJ's verbal and nonverbal interrogative politeness in asking directions. The data of this research are in the form of BJ conversations in asking directions. The data were obtained through FGD, interview and experimental. The conversation data is then analyzed deconstructively to find markers of politeness. The conclusion from this research is that the formulation of politeness to ask directions verbally is influenced by a) components, functions, and speech codes, b) short length of speech, c) speech sequence, d) intonation, and e) use of expressions marking politeness. This verbal politeness needs to be supported by nonverbal politeness, namely not driving a vehicle, removing all the attributes that cover the face, and not puffing out the body. Keywords: Javanese language, politeness, interrogative, asking directions

Perspectives in Sociology of Education: Basil Bernstein and Popular Education

This paper aims to describe some contributions of the British sociologist Basil Bernstein to Popular Education. In this sense, methodologically, it reviews Bernstein's main works and addresses some bases and perspectives of Popular Education. Thus, initially the paper develops an approach on Bernstein's thought and then focuses on Popular Education, taking into account its European and Latin American characterisation. It finds out three contributions in Bernstein's sociology that are important for Popular Education, namely, (1) the theorization about speech codes; (2) the approach on so-called communicative pedagogy; (3) the dimension related to social change.

Communicative and Emotive Characteristics of the Diplomatic Idiolect

This article is devoted to the study of communicatively conditioned professional idiolect and the emotional speech of a diplomat by means of quantitative computer content analysis and semantic analysis. The characteristics of a professional diplomat’s idiolect, changes in speech that have occurred over time are determined. Particular attention is paid to lexical units, a change in connotations, the degree of overall emotional performance, as well as clichés and aphorisms. The concept of “implicitly emotive diplomatic clichés” is introduced, which is characteristic of the type of discourse under study. According to the results of the study, it is concluded that a professional idiolect is expressed in the skillful switching of speech codes, the rejection of pragmatic appraisal, the ability to explicitly express an appraisal using facts and the exact use of changing connotations, as well as implicitly emotive diplomatic clichés, which allows a diplomat through a “delegated subject” express the country’s attitude to current events, but remain within the framework of the diplomatic speech protocol. The study allows us to come closer to a clearer and deeper understanding of the phenomenon of a professional diplomat’s idiolect as a complex set of speech and textual practices aimed at solving complex international problems in a peaceful way, i.e. verbally. The research material was S.V. Lavrov as the Permanent Representative to the UN Security Council speeches on the theme of ‘peacekeeping’ stored in the Security Council digital archive for 1994-2004, as well as the material of the press conference on 01/17/2020 as the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation.

Is Free Speech in Danger on University Campus? Some Preliminary Evidence from a Most Likely Case

Although universities play a key role in questions of free speech and political viewpoint diversity, they are often associated with the opposite of a free exchange of ideas: a proliferation of restrictive campus speech codes, violent protests against controversial speakers and even the firing of inconvenient professors. For some observers these trends on university campuses are a clear indicator of the dire future for freedom of speech. Others view these incidents as scandalized singular events and regard campus intolerance as a mere myth. We take an empirical look at some of the claims in the debate and present original survey evidence from a most likely case: the leftist social science studentship at Goethe University Frankfurt. Our results show that taking offense is a common experience and that a sizable number of students are in favor of restricting speech on campus. We also find evidence for conformity pressures on campus and that both the desire to restrict speech and the reluctance to speak openly differ significantly across political ideology. Left-leaning students are less likely to tolerate controversial viewpoints and right-leaning students are more likely to self-censor on politically sensitive issues such as gender, immigration, or sexual and ethnic minorities. Although preliminary, these findings may have implications for the social sciences and academia more broadly.

Deutungskämpfe auf dem Campus: Der Wunsch nach safe spaces und trigger warnings

The article starts from the observation that in German and US-American university campuses a tendency towards neo-corporatism is gaining in importance. This new form of corporatism is characterized by the fact that the lines are no longer following those of “status groups”, but can be associated with the term “identities”. The article undertakes an analysis where students' wishes for safe spaces and trigger warnings come from (in the context of a sentimental turn) and how speech codes (that should ensure such safe spaces) could be described in legal terms.

IN SEARCH OF SACRAL LANGUAGE CODES OF COMMON HUMAN VALUES (ON LOANWORDS OF RUSSIAN, UKRAINIAN AND RUSINIAN LEXIS)

The article emphasizes that borrowed lexis can both enrich the language, expanding and deepening the consciousness, and clog it, narrowing the conscious reflection of the world. The authors specify the criteria for attributing the loanwords as littering or enriching the language and analyze the functioning of certain Ukrainian, Russian and Rusinian lexemes in the Russian and Ukrainian languages. It is noted that the senses of the word are determined not by separate words, but their clusters (families of words, stable phrases, etc.), with individual lexemes being able to indirectly affect the senses of other words without changing their meanings. Different languages and dialects have individual lexemes or loanwords, which, when lost, can affect the dynamics of formation of general concepts in closely related languages. The authors investage the linguistic codes in different languages that function in different ways and can exist for long without people realizing their senses. Having determined the specificity of evoking images (lexical meanings) and emotional connections (senses) in closely related languages, the authors find out that the same universal human values rely on unconscious speech codes and can be transmitted to descendants by various means in different languages: through the etymology of word families in one languages or through set-expressions in others. The researchers substantiate the possibility and necessity of borrowing individual lexemes as elements of sacral language codes of universal human values that could enrich literary languages both in quantity and quality.

Is Free Speech in Danger on University Campus? Some Preliminary Evidence from a Most Likely Case

While universities play a key role in questions of free speech and political viewpoint diversity, they are often associated with the opposite of a free exchange of ideas: a proliferation of restrictive campus speech codes, violent protests against controversial speakers, and even the firing of inconvenient professors. For some observers these trends on university campuses are a clear indicator of the dire future for freedom of speech. Others view these incidents as scandalized singular events and regard the campus intolerance as a mere myth. We take an empirical look at some of the claims in the debate and present original survey evidence from a most likely case: the leftist social science studentship at Goethe University Frankfurt. Our results show that taking offense is a common experience and that a sizable share of students is in favor of restricting speech on campus. We also find evidence for conformity pressures on campus and that both, the desire to restrict speech and the reluctance to speak openly, differ significantly across political ideology. Students on the left are less likely to tolerate controversial viewpoints and students on the right are more likely to self-censor on politically sensitive issues such as gender, immigration or sexual and ethnic minorities. These findings have important implications for the social sciences and academia more broadly.