Lectinas antibacterianas e antibiofilmes de plantas - uma revisão

O número de bactérias multirresistentes que afetam a saúde pública tem aumentado e há recursos limitados de terapia para lidar com esses patógenos. A formação de biofilme por bactérias, torna a terapia ainda mais difícil. Nesse sentido, produtos naturais têm sido cada vez mais utilizados como fonte de novos antimicrobianos e as lectinas têm se destacado como uma opção promissora. Assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo fazer uma revisão sobre lectinas vegetais com propriedades antibacterianas e antibiofilme frente microrganismos patogênicos. Várias lectinas, extraídas de Punica granatum (PgTeL), Portulaca elatior (PeRol), Curcuma longa L. (CLA), Sterculia foetida L. (SfL), Apuleia leiocarpa (ApulSL), Schinus terebinthifolius (SteLL), Archidendron jiringa Nielsen (AjL) e Phthirusa pyrifolia (PpyLL), demonstraram atividade antibacteriana. Canavalia ensiformis (ConA), Calliandra surinamensis (Casul), Solanum tuberosum (StL-20), Canavalia marítima (ConM) demonstraram atividade antibiofilme. Além disso, lectinas de Alpinia purpurata (ApuL) e Moringa oleífera (WSMoL) demonstraram ambos os potenciais. Portanto, esta revisão reuniu evidências substanciais de que essas lectinas podem constituir alternativa terapêutica para o tratamento de infecções causadas por bactérias Gram-positivas e Gram-negativas multirresistentes e produtoras de biofilme no futuro.

Pengaruh lama fermentasi terhadap aktivitas antioksidan minuman fermentasi kombucha lengkuas merah (Alpinia purpurata)

Fermentation is one way to increase bioactive compounds in various food products. Kombucha is a beverage product from traditional fermentation which involves fermenting sugar dissolved in tea with symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast (SCOBY). Kombucha is usually made from a tea solution and not many use spices to make kombucha. In this study, red galangal kombucha will be made. The method used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a variation of fermentation time (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 10) days. Parameters to be analyzed are pH, total phenol, and antioxidant activity. The results obtained are that the length of fermentation affects pH, total phenolic and antioxidant activity of red galangal kombucha drink. The pH of the red galangal kombucha drink decreased along with the length of fermentation. The most optimal total phenolic and antioxidant activity obtained at 8 days of fermentation were 854.64±0.07 gGAE/ml and 89.75±0.06%.

The Number of Bacteria, Antioxidant Capacity, and Organoleptic Properties of Red Ginger Fried Chicken

Alpinia purpurata (Vieill.) K. Schum is a spice that has the ability to inhibit bacterial growth and has a good antioxidant capacity. This study aims to determine the effect of adding Alpinia purpurata (Vieill.) K. Schum 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% on day 0, 1, and 2 on the number of bacteria, antioxidant capacity and hedonic properties which include the taste, aroma, and color of Red ginger fried chicken. This type of research was an experimental research with a completely randomized factorial design (CRD). The data obtained were then analyzed statistically using ANOVA and continued with Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) to obtained differences. Each treatment was repeated twice. The results showed that the addition of the concentration of Alpinia purpurata (Vieill.) K. Schum 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% in Red ginger fried chicken had a significant effect on the number of bacteria and antioxidant capacity on day 0, 1, 2 and had a significant effect on the hedonic properties on day 0. (taste, color and aroma) on the hedonic properties on day 0. (taste, color and aroma). The addition of Alpinia purpurata (Vieill.) K. Schum 40% gave the best results on the number of bacteria, antioxidant capacity and hedonic properties. To conclude, the higher the addition of Alpinia purpurata (Vieill.) K. Schum to Red ginger fried chicken resulted on the lower the number of bacteria and the greater the antioxidant capacity and the more preferred hedonic properties.

Red and White Galangal Puree Antioxidant Activity and Phytochemistry Screening

Antioxidant prevents oxidative stress. One of the antioxidant sources is plant. Red and white galangal are herbal plants that are easy to grow and they may have antioxidant activity. The aim of this study was to compare antioxidant activity and phytochemistry screening of red galangal (Alpinia purpurata (Vieill.) K. Schum) and white galangal (Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd.). The method of this study used was the DPPH method and qualitative analysis. The results of this study showed that the value of antioxidant activity of red galangal was significantly higher than white galangal (p<0.05). The results of phytochemistry screening showed that red galangal contained alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, saponins, and triterpenoids. While white galangal contained alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, and triterpenoids. It is can be concluded that red galangal is more effective than white galangal.

Penentuan Aktivitas Antioksidan Senyawa Kuersetin dan Ekstrak Lengkuas Menggunakan HPLC dan UV-Vis

The radical scavenging activity of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhidrazyl (DPPH) is generally carried out using a spectrophotometric method. In this study, the value of the antioxidant activity was compared to the HPLC method. Samples used were pure quercetin and extracts of red galangal (Alpinia purpurata) and white galangal (Alpinia galanga). Analysis of antioxidant activity using a UV/Vis spectrophotometer was carried out at a wavelength of 515 nm. Analysis by HPLC method was carried out using an inverse phase with a UV/Vis detector at 515 nm. The results showed that the radical scavenging activity (IC50) of the pure quercetin produced was nearly the same value for the spectrophotometric method (16.24 ppm) dan the HPLC method (15.24 ppm). Even though, the antioxidant activity of pure quercetin was different from the extract. The red galangal extract gave IC50 of 488.43±1.13 ppm (spectrophotometric method) and IC50 of 68.12±10.19 ppm (HPLC method). The radical scavenging activity (IC50) of white galangal extract using the spectrophotometric method and HPLC method was 462.47±2.98 and 62.17±3.87 ppm, respectively. The allegation of other molecular interference in the radical reduction of the extract resulted in a conclusion that the HPLC is better than the spectrophotometric method for determining antoxidant activity of extract sample. Keywords: Antioxidant, Alpinia purpurata, Alpinia galanga, DPPH Aktivitas peredaman radikal 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhidrazyl (DPPH) pada umumnya dilakukan menggunakan metode spektrofotometer. Dalam penelitian ini, nilai aktivitas antioksidan tersebut telah dibandingkan dengan metode HPLC. Sampel ujinya adalah senyawa kursetin murni dan ekstrak lengkuas merah (Alpinia purpurata) dan lengkuas putih (Alpinia galanga). Analisis aktivitas antioksidan dengan spektrofotometer UV/Vis dilakukan pada panjang gelombang 515 nm. Analisis dengan metode HPLC dilakukan menggunakan fasa inverse dengan detektor UV/Vis pada 515 nm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas peredaman radikal senyawa murni kuersetin menghasilkan nilai yang hampir sama untuk kedua metode yaitu IC50 sebesar 17,05 ppm untuk metode spektrofotometer dan IC50 sebesar 15,74 ppm untuk metode HPLC. Akan tetapi, nilai aktivitas antioksidan kuersetin jauh berbeda untuk ekstrak. Ekstrak lengkuas merah memberikan IC50 sebesar 488,43±1,13 ppm (metode spektrofotometer) dan 68,12±10,19 ppm (metode HPLC). Aktivitas peredaman radikal ekstrak lengkuas putih dengan metode spektrofotometer dan HPLC dengan IC50 sebesar 462,89±5,38 dan 62,17±3,87 ppm, berturut-turut. Dugaan adanya interferensi molekul lain dalam analisis peredaman radikal terhadap ekstrak ini menghasilkan suatu kesimpulan bahwa metode HPLC lebih baik digunakan dalam analisis antioksidan dibandingkan metode spektrofotometer untuk sampel berupa ekstrak. Kata kunci: Antioksidan, Alpinia purpurata, Alpinia galanga, DPPH

Physicochemical Properties and Bioactivities of Six Alpinia Species in Sri Lanka

Plants comprising bioactive substances with therapeutic value have progressively become the object of research studies. Many species of the genus Alpinia provide a variety of medicinal properties. This study was undertaken to study the biological activities and physicochemical properties of rhizomes and leaves of six Alpinia species available in Sri Lanka namely, Alpinia malaccensis, Alpinia calcarata, Alpinia galanga, Alpinia nigra, Alpinia calcarata Wild and Alpinia purpurata. Physicochemical parameters will be helpful in standardization for quality, purity and authentication of these medicinal plants. Methanol extracts from rhizomes and leaves were screened for total polyphenol content (TPC), antioxidant activity and α-amylase inhibition activities. Extracted powders were analysed for physicochemical constants such as loss on drying, total ash, acid -insoluble ash and water-soluble ash contents. The TPC of dried leaves of Alpinia calcarata Wild was the highest of all tested as 2.186±0.027 g of GA equivalents per 1 g of dried rhizome. The Methanol extracts of the rhizome and leaf samples of six species showed reasonable antioxidant activity in the DPPH radical scavenging assay. Interestingly the rhizome extracts of Alpinia nigra and Alpinia purpurata exhibited higher α-amylase inhibitory activities (29.417±0.507 and 29.676 ± 0.107 µg/mL respectively) compared with the Acarbose, which is an anti-diabetic drug (28.273 ± 0.615 µg/mL). The results revealed that the Sri Lankan Alpinia species have a potency to be used as a source of antioxidant and anti-diabetic agents and it is important to increase the value of the unexplored medicinal herbs available in Sri Lanka.

Potensi Ekstrak Lengkuas (Alpinia Purpurata K. Schum) Sebagai Fungisida Terhadap Jamur Alternaria Sp. Pada Tanaman Jeruk

Alternaria sp. is one the causess of diseases that attack citrus crops. Pest and diseases control efforts by farmers more often use pesticide synthesis. This study aims to determine the inhibition of mushroom growth and other benefits of galangal extract as a natural fungicide and determine the optimum concentration of galangan extract inhibiting the growth mushroom of Alternaria sp.. The method used was experimental, testing conducted by growing mycelium mushroom Alternaria sp. on a PDA that has been mixed with extract of galangal in according to the respective concentrations and analyze growth response by measuring the diameter. The best results indicated by the treatments 60% that control the growth of mushrooms with deaths amounted to 79%. This shown that galangal extract is able to control the growth of Alternaria sp. at concentrations 60% compared to a concentration of 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% because the active compounds at concentrations that are 60% higher, so galangal extract diffuse into the cell the growing of mushrooms and may cause disruption the growth mushrooms Alternaria sp.. The higher concentration of extract given, the ability to controlling the growth mushroom of Alternaria sp. the better. The utilization of galangal material is done as an alternative fungicide in the control of plant diseases that are eco friendly.

ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF RED GALANGAL (Alpinia purpurata K. Schum) ETHANOL EXTRACT AGAINST Malassezia furfur AND Microsporum canis

Red galangal (Alpinia purpurata) is a plant that belongs to the Zingiberaceae family. Red galangal rhizome is traditionally used to treat phlegm and ringworm. Red galangal rhizome contains secondary metabolites of essential oils, eugnol, sesquiterpenes, pinen, kaemferida, galanagn and galangol which have anti-fungal properties. This study aims to determine the antifungal activity of red galangal rhizome ethanol extract against Malasezia furfur and Microsporum canis using agar diffusion method. Red galangal extract is made with a concentration variation of 2%, 5% and 10%. The results showed the antifungal activity of red galangal ethanol extract in the form of inhibiting diameters at an average concentration of 2%, 5% and 10% against Malasezia furfur was 16.77 mm, 17.91 mm and 19.72 mm. The average inhibitory diameter of Microsporum canis is 10.58 mm, 13.57 mm and 14.51 mm. Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of red galangal has antifungal activity against Malasezia furfur and Microsporum canis.

Evaluation of sucrose and GA3 in an in vitro shoot culture of Alpinia purpurata (Zingiberaceae)

Alpinia purpurata is an ornamental plant species native to the Asia-Pacific with commercial potential due to its red inflorescence adapted to the northern Colombian coast; however, the lack of propagation protocols hinders commercial cultivation. To adjust a micropropagation protocol for clonal plant material production, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sucrose and gibberellic acid (GA3) in the culture medium on the number of new shoots per explant, shoot length, root number, root length and number of leaves. Explants were cultured in semisolid MS (Murashige & Skoog) medium with sucrose (30, 45 and 60 mg/L) and GA3 (0.0; 0.25; 0.5; 0.75 and 1.0 mg/L). A factorial experimental design with two factors was employed, with 15 treatments, 10 replicates per treatment and 150 experimental units distributed with a completely randomized design. Cultures were stored five weeks at 25 °C with a 12 h photoperiod (40 μmol m-2 s-1). Anova and Tukey’s test allowed detecting the statistical effects of sucrose and GA3 supply for all variables. An increase in sucrose concentration resulted in a higher number of shoots, while an increase in GA3 induced longer shoots. Root length and leaf number decreased as GA3 and sucrose increased.