Coloring Invariant for Topological Circuits in Folded Linear Chains

Circuit topology is a mathematical approach that categorizes the arrangement of contacts within a folded linear chain, such as a protein molecule or the genome. Theses linear biomolecular chains often fold into complex 3D architectures with critical entanglements and local or global structural symmetries stabilised by formation of intrachain contacts. Here, we adapt and apply the algebraic structure of quandles to classify and distinguish chain topologies within the framework of circuit topology. We systematically study the basic circuit topology motifs and define quandle/bondle coloring for them. Next, we explore the implications of circuit topology operations that enable building complex topologies from basic motifs for the quandle coloring approach.

Design and Fabrication of Portable spot-welding machine for sheet metal operation

Spot welding machine requires a lot of power, occupies large area and it is heavy to transport, restricted by height and does not weld all angle. On present work, we have tried to overcome the above problems by restructuring the design. Newly designed apparatus was simpler, lighter, portable, compact and flexible machine which will be able to weld at any angle and can be easily operated by even a non-skilled Labor with much ease and required accuracy. The first thing is the fabrication of the portable spot-welding machine which is divided into two phases, first is the formation of basic circuit of machine which includes small transformer of 1.2 kVA with output voltage 0 to 2.2 volt with 2.5-gauge wire & power switch and second is the formation of body and arm mechanism of the machine. For creating this machine, we used modelling software such as Autodesk Fusion 360 and created a prototype based on its design. In this project we made our own transformer according to requirements of specifications for welding as a general transformer used in electronic appliances was costly and as well a Bulky.

Teaching Circuits with an Electromechanical Adder

Topics like series and parallel circuits are typically introduced to beginning students through entirely abstract problems, such as finding the equivalent resistance of a combination of resistors. To teach these concepts in a more context-rich way, we asked students in an introductory class how they would arrange a power supply, bulb and one or two switches to make an AND gate, a NOT gate, and an OR gate. Then, we challenged them to combine these gates to make an adder circuit with two input switches and two output bulbs that could add two numbers. Finally, we built the circuit, using large relays with transparent cases so that students can actually see (and hear) how, for example, current flows through the AND gate when both input switches are thrown. For many students, this is the first time they intuitively grasp the relevance of basic circuit concepts to the complicated devices, like computers, that we use in everyday life.