Growth of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in Illizi South-East Algeria

These observations are intended to provide information on the growth of the African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) living in the Oued Takhamalte-Illizi South-East Algerian. The basic data are the frequencies of the fish sizes resulting from the experimental fisheries carried out in October 2019 in Oued Takhamalte South-East of Algeria. The ELEFAN I program incorporated into FiSAT II software was used. The Powell-Wetherall method provides an L∞ of the order of 53.84 cm and a Z/K of 3.254 with a correlation coefficient R = - 0.944. This asymptotic length is greater than the maximum observed value (Lmax = 50 cm) and the Taylor approximation (L max/0.95 = 52.63 cm). The corresponding K value (0.28/year) seems the most suitable for the growth of a species, for this we opted for the parameters obtained by the sub-program « area of equal responses» of the program ELEFAN I (L∞ = 53 cm and K = 0.28/year) for the continuation of our study. The reduced gap test proves that there is a significant difference between the observed slope (b = 2.41) and the theoretical slope (P = 3), which makes it possible to affirm that the height-weight relationship in both sexes of C. gariepinus shows minor allometry, meaning that the weight grows slower than the cube of length.

Close Gap Test Strategies for Students with Severe Speech Impairment

Introduction. The level of formedness of text competence at secondary school in the aspect of understanding the text’s factual information ensures the successful grasping of the learning content. The purpose of the research was to identify the specifics of the functioning of linear deployment mechanisms and probabilistic forecasting among learners of 5–10th grade (form) with specific language impairment. Материалы и методы. The modified close gap test method was used as the main research method at the level of the ascertaining experiment. The results of the close gap tests, filled by learners, were exposed to quantitative and qualitative analysis. The research was conducted by applying theoretical (interpretive) and empirical (ascertaining experiment based on author’s method) methods. The analytical stage involved the use of the method of correlation analysis, the mathematical processing was carried out with the help of one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results. Analysis of experimental data helped determine the close gap test strategies in adolescent students with specific language impairment. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of studentsʼ work was applied to determine three main groups of strategies for linear deployment and probabilistic forecasting: strategies for establishing semantic links at the level of the lexical component, a strategy for establishing links at the level of associations, and no strategy. Furthermore, the analysis of substitutes with regard to their compliance with grammatical requirements revealed the following typology of manifestations of agrammatism: the use of an inadequate part of speech, deficiencies of grammatical presentation in phrases, non-compliance of the grammatical form of the substitute with the requirements for the grammatical design of the sentence. Correlation analysis was applied to establish links between different types of close gap test strategies used by adolescents with specific language impairment, as well as their relationship with the levels of understanding the factual content of the text. Discussion and Conclusion. The results obtained contribute to the development of developmental psycholinguistics, special pedagogy, speech therapy and school methods of speech development.

Strategies for Implementing the Jakobsson-Floberg-Olsson Cavitation Model in EHL Simulations of Translational Seals

The numerically stable simulation of cavitation effects is mandatory for predicting the friction and wear behavior of translational hydraulic seals. This contribution provides a comparison of two different implementations of the Jakobsson-Floberg-Olsson (JFO) cavitation model, an investigation of their properties and possible options for their stabilization. These methods are tested and compared both within a simple divergent gap test case as well as within an EHL simulation of a rubber metal contact. Based on these comparisons and theoretical investigations, the strengths and weaknesses of the different methods are summarized and discussed with respect to an application in EHL simulations of translational hydraulic seals.

ANALISIS KEPUASAN NASABAH ATAS KUALITAS LAYANAN INTERNET BANKING PADA PT BANK PEMBANGUNAN DAERAH JAWA TENGAH KANTOR CABANG PATI

<p><em>This research aims to </em><em>identify how to increase customer satisfaction of internet banking service quality at PT Bank Pembangunan Daerah Jawa Tengah Pati Branch Office with five dimensions of service quality which were tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy.</em></p><p><em>In this research, the sampling technique used was purposive sampling technique. The data in this research were obtained from observations and distributing questionnaires to 100 respondents. Data analysis methods used are validity test, reliability test, satisfaction index test, satisfaction gap test and satisfaction mapping with cartesian diagram.</em></p><em>Based on the result of the validity and reliability test, the indicators like tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy are valid and reliable. Based on the result of the satisfaction index analysis, the weighting score of internet banking quality service is 4,219. That score is between 3,43 – 4,23 wich means Satisfied. Based on the result of the satisfaction gap test the increase of satisfaction established on the fourteen sub-indicators show satisfaction, and four sub-indicators show dissatisfaction. Meanwhile, when viewed from the cartesian diagram mapping result, there are four indicators that fall into the quadrant I, four indicators in the quadrant II, four indicators in the quadrant III, and six indicators in the quadrant IV.</em>

New perspective of fracture mechanics inspired by gap test with crack-parallel compression

The line crack models, including linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM), cohesive crack model (CCM), and extended finite element method (XFEM), rest on the century-old hypothesis of constancy of materials’ fracture energy. However, the type of fracture test presented here, named the gap test, reveals that, in concrete and probably all quasibrittle materials, including coarse-grained ceramics, rocks, stiff foams, fiber composites, wood, and sea ice, the effective mode I fracture energy depends strongly on the crack-parallel normal stress, in-plane or out-of-plane. This stress can double the fracture energy or reduce it to zero. Why hasn’t this been detected earlier? Because the crack-parallel stress in all standard fracture specimens is negligible, and is, anyway, unaccountable by line crack models. To simulate this phenomenon by finite elements (FE), the fracture process zone must have a finite width, and must be characterized by a realistic tensorial softening damage model whose vectorial constitutive law captures oriented mesoscale frictional slip, microcrack opening, and splitting with microbuckling. This is best accomplished by the FE crack band model which, when coupled with microplane model M7, fits the test results satisfactorily. The lattice discrete particle model also works. However, the scalar stress–displacement softening law of CCM and tensorial models with a single-parameter damage law are inadequate. The experiment is proposed as a standard. It represents a simple modification of the three-point-bend test in which both the bending and crack-parallel compression are statically determinate. Finally, a perspective of various far-reaching consequences and limitations of CCM, LEFM, and XFEM is discussed.

Gap Test of Crack-Parallel Stress Effect on Quasibrittle Fracture and Its Consequences

In the standard fracture test specimens, the crack-parallel normal stress is negligible. However, its effect can be strong, as revealed by a new type of experiment, briefly named the gap test. It consists of a simple modification of the standard three-point-bend test whose main idea is to use plastic pads with a near-perfect yield plateau to generate a constant crack-parallel compression and install the end supports with a gap that closes only when the pads yield. This way, the test beam transits from one statically determinate loading configuration to another, making evaluation unambiguous. For concrete, the gap test showed that moderate crack-parallel compressive stress can increase up to 1.8 times the Mode I (opening) fracture energy of concrete, and reduce it to almost zero on approach to the compressive stress limit. To model it, the fracture process zone must be characterized tensorially. We use computer simulations with crack-band microplane model, considering both in-plane and out-of-plane crack-parallel stresses for plain and fiber-reinforced concretes, and anisotropic shale. The results have broad implications for all quasibrittle materials, including shale, fiber composites, coarse ceramics, sea ice, foams, and fone. Except for negligible crack-parallel stress, the line crack models are shown to be inapplicable. Nevertheless, as an approximation ignoring stress tensor history, the crack-parallel stress effect may be introduced parametrically, by a formula. Finally we show that the standard tensorial strength models such as Drucker–Prager cannot reproduce these effects realistically.