Thirteen Innovative Ways Humans Use Drones

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What have we learned about ecological recovery from liming interventions of acid lakes in Canada and Italy?

The idea of launching another special issue of the Journal of limnology on Lake Orta was born in 2014, on the 25^th anniversary of its liming intervention, during an International symposium on Lake Orta organized and hosted by the Pallanza Institute (<a href="http://www.ise.cnr.it/vb">http://www.ise.cnr.it/vb</a>). The conference did not simply celebrate the past. While the liming of Lake Orta was undoubtedly a great national and international success, the speakers at the conference, instead sought to enlarge and deepen knowledge of patterns and mechanisms of lake ecosystem responses to the water quality improvements, or chemical recovery, that accompanied Lake Orta’s liming.

Impact of humic substances on Sphagnum denticulatum habitats

In 10 softwater lakes of NW Poland (5 very acid and 5 slightly acid) three kinds of <em>Sphagnum denticulatum</em> Bridel [=<em>S. auriculatum</em> Schimper] habitats have been studied: oligohumic (&lt;2.0 mg C_DHS dm^-3) and α-mesohumic (2.0-4.0 mg C_DHS dm^-3) and β-mesohumic (4.1-8.0 mg C_DHS dm^-3). During habitats humification in very acid lakes some water and sediment characteristics, such as pH, conductivity, TDS, and calcium concentration are low and almost invariable, whereas variable are the colour and clearness of the water. In low-acidity lakes the values of habitat characteristics are higher and also nearly invariable. The optimum habitats for <em>S. denticulatum</em> are oligohumic (&lt;1.8 mg C_DHS dm ^-3), very acid (pH 4.0-4.4) sites found at depths from 4 to 8 m, where the species forms large and close carpets. In slightly acid lakes it is rare, grows at depths below 5 m and forms populations of very low density. In mesohumic habitats in both kinds of lakes <em>S. denticulatum</em> is a frequent species, but its populations are very thin there.